Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Prevalence of obesity in prepubertal and pubertal with Turkish population type 1 diabetes

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Diabetology International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To determine the prevalence of prepubertal and pubertal obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 DM). One hundred fifty children and adolescents aged 6–18 years with Type 1 DM who attended the Pediatric Endocrinology Polyclinic and were diagnosed with type 1 DM were included in the study. Tanner staging was used to estimate pubertal status. Age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) percentile between 85 and 95% was accepted as overweight and  > 95% as obese. It was determined that the overweight prevalence rates in children and adolescents with type 1 DM were 13.3% and the obesity rate was 14.3%. It was found that while the overweight prevalence rates (14.1%) were higher in males, the obesity prevalence was higher in females (19.0%). The obesity prevalence rates at the prepubertal and pubertal stages were found to be 17.1% and 13.8%, respectively. The obesity prevalence at the pubertal stage was higher in girls (22.4%) than boys (3.9%) (p < 0.05). The rates both of overweight and obesity in boys decreased from prepubertal to pubertal periods, while those rates increased in girls. Our results indicated that the obesity prevalence in prepubertal and pubertal children and adolescents with type 1 DM was higher compared to healthy peers in the literature. The authors believe that the risk factors for obesity in this population should be determined and obesity-prevention programs for diabetes should be prepared.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Greydanus DE, Agana M, Kamboj MK, Shebrain S, Soares N, Eke R, Patel DR. Pediatric obesity: current concepts. Dis Mon. 2018;64(4):98–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disamonth.2017.12.001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Turkey Childhood (Primary School 2 Grade Students) Obesity Surveillance Initiative COSI-TUR 2016, Ankara. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayatdb/dokumanlar/Ingilizce-Yayinlar/COSI_TUR_2016_/Turkey_Childhood_Obesity_Cosi_tur_2016.pdf (2016). Accessed 15 June 2020

  3. Pujalte GA, Ahanogbe I, Thurston J, White RO, Roche-Green A. Addressing pediatric obesity in clinic. Glob Pediatr Health. 2017;4:2333794X17736971. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794X17736971.

  4. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults. Lancet. 2017;390(10113):2627–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32129-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Kumar S, Kelly A. Review of childhood obesity: from epidemiology, etiology, and comorbidities to clinical assessment and treatment. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92(2):251–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.017.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics (2014) Turkey nutrition and health research, assessment of nutritional status and habits results report, Ankara. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/depo/birimler/saglikli-beslenme-hareketli-hayatdb/Yayinlar/kitaplar/diger-kitaplar/TBSA-Beslenme-Yayini.pdf (2014). Accessed 15 June 2020.

  7. Baskaran C, Volkening LK, Diaz M, Laffel L. A decade of temporal trends in overweight/obesity in youth with type 1 diabetes after the diabetes control and complications trial (DCCT). Pediatr Diabetes. 2015;16(4):263–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12166.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Conway B, Miller RG, Costacou T, Fried L, Kelsey S, Evans RW, Orchard TJ. Temporal patterns in overweight and obesity in Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2010;27(4):398–404. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02956.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Köken ÖY, Kara C, Yilmaz GC, Aydın HA. Utility of estimated glucose disposal rate for predicting metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2020;33(7):859–64. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2020-0012.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Maffeis C, Birkebaek NH, Konstantinova M, Schwandt A, Vazeou A, Casteels K, et al. Prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: data from the international SWEET registry. Pediatr Diabetes. 2018;19(7):1211–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.12730.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Merger SR, Kerner W, Stadler M, Zeyfang A, Jehle P, Müller-Korbsch M, et al. Prevalence and comorbidities of double diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2016;119:48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2016.06.003.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Minges KE, Whittemore R, Grey M. Overweight and obesity in youth with type 1 diabetes. Annu Rev Nurs Res. 2013;31:47–69. https://doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.31.47.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Bae JP, Lage MJ, Mo D, Nelson DR, Hoogwerf BJ. Obesity and glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus: Analysis of physician electronic health records in the US from 2009–2011. J Diabetes Complications. 2016;30(2):212–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.11.016.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Neyzi O, Günöz H, Furman A, Bundak R, Gökçay G, Darendeliler F, Baş F. Reference values for weight, height, head circumference, and body mass index in Turkish children. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2015;7(4):280–93. https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.2183.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Styne DM, Arslanian SA, Connor EL, Farooqi IS, Murad MH, Silverstein JH, et al. Pediatric obesity—assessment, treatment, and prevention: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017;102(3):709–57. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2573.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Hatipoğlu N. Pubertal period and its problems. Türk Aile Hek Derg. 2012;16(Suppl):S1–13. https://doi.org/10.2399/tahd.12.s001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Chow SC, Chiu ST. Design and analysis of clinical trials: concepts and methodologies. 2nd ed. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 0471249858; 2005.

  18. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. National paediatric Diabetes Audit. Annual report 2018–19: care processes and outcomes. https://www.rcpch.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-03/final_npda_core_report_2018-2019.pdf (2020). Accessed 30 June 2020.

  19. Gilbertson HR, Reed K, Clark S, Francis KL, Cameron FJ. An audit of the dietary intake of Australian children with type 1 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes. 2018;8(1):10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-018-0021-5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Pinhas-Hamiel O, Levek-Motola N, Kaidar K, Boyko V, Tisch E, Mazor-Aronovitch K, et al. Prevalence of overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome components in children, adolescents and young adults With type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2015;31:76–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.2565.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Liu LL, Lawrence JM, Davis C, Liese AD, Pettitt DJ, Pihoker C, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth with diabetes in USA: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Pediatr Diabetes. 2010;11:4–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5448.2009.00519.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Phelan H, Foster NC, Schwandt A, Couper JJ, Willi S, Kroschwald P, et al. Longitudinal trajectories of BMI z-score: an internationalcomparison of 11,513 Australian, American andGerman/Austrian/Luxembourgian youth with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Obes. 2020;15(2):e12582. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12582.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kaya M, Sayan A, Birinci M, Yildiz M, Türkmen K. The obesity prevalence among students between the ages of 5 and 19 in Kutahya. Turk J Med Sci. 2014;44(1):10–5. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1301-71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Inanc BB. Metabolic syndrome in school children in mardin, South-eastern of Turkey. Eurasian J Med. 2014;46(3):156–63. https://doi.org/10.5152/eajm.2014.39.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Prinz N, Schwandt A, Becker M, Denzer C, Flury M, Fritsch M. Trajectories of body mass index from childhood to young adulthood among patients with type 1 diabetes—a longitudinal group-based modeling approach based on the DPV registry. J Pediatr. 2018;201:78–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.05.014.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Minges KE, Whittemore R, Weinzimer SA, Irwin ML, Redeker NS, Grey M. Correlates of overweight and obesity in 5529 adolescents with type 1 diabetes: the T1D exchange clinic registry. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;126:68–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2017.01.012.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Apperley LJ, Ng SM. Increased insulin requirement may contribute to risk of obesity in children and young people with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(1):492–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.005.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Corbin K, Driscoll AK, Pratley ER, Smith SR, Maahs DM, Mayer-Davis EJ. Obesity in type 1 diabetes: pathophysiology, clinical impact, and mechanisms. Endocr Rev. 2018;39(5):629–63. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2017-00191.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Medipol University School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey

    Volkan Özkaya

  2. Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Uludağ University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey

    Erdal Eren & Yasemin Denkboy Öngen

  3. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fenerbahce University School of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey

    Şebnem Özgen Özkaya

Authors
  1. Volkan Özkaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Erdal Eren
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Şebnem Özgen Özkaya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yasemin Denkboy Öngen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Concept: V.Ö.; Design: V.Ö., E.E., Ş.Ö.Ö.; Data Collection and/or Processing: V.Ö, Ş.Ö.Ö; Analysis and/or Interpretation: V.Ö, E.E., Ş.Ö.Ö.; Writing: V.Ö., Ş.Ö.Ö, Y.D.Ö; Critical Review: V.Ö., E.E., Ş.Ö.Ö., Y.D.Ö.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Volkan Özkaya.

Ethics declarations

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Informed consent

Written informed consent was taken from the parents of all patients. The study conformed to the provision of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Özkaya, V., Eren, E., Özgen Özkaya, Ş. et al. Prevalence of obesity in prepubertal and pubertal with Turkish population type 1 diabetes. Diabetol Int 12, 412–419 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-021-00498-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-021-00498-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation