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Determination of Major Viral and Sub Viral Pathogens Incidence in Apple Orchards in Himachal Pradesh

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Abstract

Apple is the major commercial horticulture crop in Himachal Pradesh and other hill states of Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand and some parts of Northeastern states of India. In order to gather data on health status and incidence of virus and virus-like pathogens in apple orchards, survey was conducted in the month of June and September, 2010 in Hatkoti, Rohru, Kuthara, Jubbal and Khadapathar areas of major apple producing Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. A total of 250 samples were collected and analyzed by DAS-ELISA, NASH and RT-PCR. NASH results indicated that a total of 117 samples were infected with Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd). Results showed that ASSVd is predominant in these areas with highest infection rate of 27.6% followed by ASPV (17.2%), ACLSV (16.8%), ApMV (15.2%) and ASGV (12%). Mixed infection of these viruses and viroid was frequently detected in apple trees in Himachal Pradesh. The trees, which were positive for viruses and viroids, showed a variety of fruit deformation and rusting symptoms besides leaf deformation, mosaic and chlorosis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors express gratitude to the Director, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur (HP), India for encouragement and providing necessary facilities and to the Department of Biotechnology for financial assistance (Project Grant BT/PR/10594/PBD/16/760/2008). We are also thankful to Mr. Digvijay Singh for his help in sequencing work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Virology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India

    Surender Kumar, Rahul Mohan Singh, Raja Ram, Vipin Hallan & A. A. Zaidi

  2. Department of Horticulture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, 176062, HP, India

    J. Badyal

  3. Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi, India

    Anupam Varma

Authors
  1. Surender Kumar
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  2. Rahul Mohan Singh
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  3. Raja Ram
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  4. J. Badyal
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  5. Vipin Hallan
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  6. A. A. Zaidi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vipin Hallan.

Electronic supplementary material

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13337_2011_56_MOESM1_ESM.jpg

Supplementary Fig. 1 RT-PCR amplicons fractionated by agarose gel (1%) electrophoresis. a specific amplification for ASSVd(~212 bp); b specific amplification for ASGV (~198 bp) whereas c amplification for ACLSV (~645 bp in lane 1),ApMV (~547 bp in lane 2) and for ASPV (~370 bp, lane 3). Lane M in all contains 100 bp DNA ladder (JPEG 16 kb)

Supplementary Table 1 (DOC 177 kb)

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Kumar, S., Singh, R.M., Ram, R. et al. Determination of Major Viral and Sub Viral Pathogens Incidence in Apple Orchards in Himachal Pradesh. Indian J. Virol. 23, 75–79 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-011-0056-x

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