Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Races of Puccinia triticina detected on wheat in Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi and regional germplasm responses

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Australasian Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To identify races of Puccinia triticina in southern Africa, samples of infected wheat leaves obtained from Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi were analysed at the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein and the Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute, Bethlehem, South Africa (SA). Four races were identified from 63 isolates obtained during 2011–2013. Using the North American notation, these races coded to MCDS (74.6 %), TCPS (12.7 %), FBPT (6.3 %) and SCDS (6.3 %). MCDS and TCPS occurred in both Zimbabwe and Zambia whereas FBPT and SCDS were only detected in Zimbabwe and Malawi, respectively. Three of these races (MCDS, FPBT and SCDS) are also known in SA. SSR analysis of races detected in southern Africa suggested that MCDS and FPBT are more closely related to CCPS (3SA45), a race identified in SA in 2009. Occurrence of similar races across southern Africa indicates migration of inoculum between countries, and highlights the need for each country to monitor and share information on virulence changes in the region. In seedling tests, over 72 % of Zimbabwean commercial cultivars were susceptible to race TCPS which occurred in both Zimbabwe and Zambia. To predict occurrence of adult plant resistance (APR) in these cultivars, they were tested for the presence of gene Lr34 which confers durable resistance to multiple fungal pathogens. Only three cultivars were positive for this gene suggesting that most of the current Zimbabwean commercial cultivars may be susceptible to leaf rust both as seedlings and adult plants, assuming the absence of other APR genes. Three cultivars and 15 breeding lines, all highly resistant as seedlings across races, carried Lr19. One line contained Lr19 and Lr34. It is suggested that sources of race non-specific resistance genes be included in wheat breeding programs in Zimbabwe.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agenbag GM (2012) Genetic characterisation and fine mapping of sources of durable resistance to stripe rust in selected wheat genotypes. PhD Thesis, University of the Free State, South Africa

  • Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J (2005) Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: a simulation study. Mol Ecol 14:2611–2620

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S (2005) Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol Bioinformatics Online 1:47–50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huerta-Espino J, Singh RP, Germán S, McCallum BD, Park RF, Chen WQ, Bhardwaj SC, Goyeau H (2011) Global status of wheat leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina. Euphytica 179:143–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaccard P (1908) Nouvelles recherches sur la distribution florale. Bull Soc Vaud Sci Nat 44:223–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolmer JA, Jin Y, Long DL (2007) Leaf and stem rust of wheat in the United States. Aust J Agric Res 58:631–638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolmer J, Hanzalova A, Goyeau H, Bayles R, Morgounov A (2013) Genetic differentiation of the wheat leaf rust fungus Puccinia triticina in Europe. Plant Pathol 62:21–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lagudah ES (2011) Molecular genetics of race non-specific rust resistance in wheat. Euphytica 179:81–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lagudah ES, Krattinger SG, Herrera-Foessel S, Singh RP, Huerta-Espino J, Spielmeyer W, Brown-Guedira G, Selter LL, Keller B (2009) Gene-specific markers for the wheat gene Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 which confers resistance to multiple fungal pathogens. Theor Appl Genet 119:889–898

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Levy C (2005) Epidemiology and chemical control of soybean rust in Southern Africa. Plant Dis 89:669–674

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Long DL, Kolmer JA (1989) A North American system of nomenclature for Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici. Phytopathology 79:525–529

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McIntosh RA, Wellings CR, Park RF (1995) Wheat rusts—an atlas of resistance genes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukoyi F, Soko T, Mulima E, Mutari B, Hodson D, Herselman L, Visser B, Pretorius ZA (2011) Detection of variants of wheat stem rust race Ug99 (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Plant Dis 95:1188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pallotta MA, Warner P, Fox RL, Kuchel H, Jefferies SJ, Langridge P (2003) Marker assisted wheat breeding in the southern region of Australia. Proceedings of the Tenth International Wheat Genetics Symposium (1–6 September, 2003, Paestum, Italy) p 789–791

  • Park R, Fetch T, Hodson D, Jin Y, Nazari K, Prashar M, Pretorius Z (2011) International surveillance of wheat rust pathogens: progress and challenges. Euphytica 179:109–117

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pretorius ZA, Purchase JL (1990) Virulence characteristics of wheat leaf rust in Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi. Phytophylactica 22:141–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Pretorius ZA, Le Roux J, Drijepont SC (1990) Occurrence and pathogenicity of Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici on wheat in South Africa during 1988. Phytophylactica 22:225–228

    Google Scholar 

  • Pretorius ZA, Kloppers FJ, Frederick RD (2001) First report of soybean rust in South Africa. Plant Disease 85:1288

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pretorius ZA, Szabo LJ, Boshoff WHP, Herselman L, Visser B (2012) First report of a new TTKSF race of wheat stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Plant Dis 96:590

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prins R, Groenewald JZ, Marais GF, Snape JW, Koebner RMD (2001) AFLP and STS tagging of Lr19, a gene conferring resistance to leaf rust in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 103:618–624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prins R, Pretorius ZA, Bender CM, Lehmensiek A (2011) QTL mapping of stripe, leaf and stem rust resistance genes in a Kariega X Avocet S doubled haploid wheat population. Mol Breeding 270:259–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P (2000) Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155:945–959

    PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szabo LJ, Kolmer JA (2007) Development of simple sequence repeat markers for the plant pathogenic rust fungus Puccinia triticina. Mol Ecol Notes 7:708–710

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terefe T, Paul I, Mebalo J, Naicker K, Meyer L (2009) Occurrence and pathogenicity of Puccinia triticina on wheat in South Africa during 2007. S Afr J Plant Soil 26:51–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terefe TG, Visser B, Herselman L, Prins R, Negussie T, Kolmer JA, Pretorius ZA (2014a) Diversity in Puccinia triticina detected on wheat from 2008 to 2010 and the impact of new races on South African wheat germplasm. Eur J Plant Pathol 139:95–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terefe TG, Visser B, Herselman L, Selinga T, Pretorius ZA (2014b) First report of Puccinia triticina (leaf rust) race FBPT on wheat in South Africa. Plant Dis 98:1001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Visser B, Herselman L, Pretorius ZA (2009) Genetic comparison of Ug99 with selected South African races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. Mol Plant Pathol 10:213–222

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Visser B, Herselman L, Bender CM, Pretorius ZA (2012) Microsatellite analysis of selected Puccinia triticina races in South Africa. Austr Plant Pathol 41:165–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Mulock B, Guus B, McCullam B (2010) Development of EST derived simple sequence repeat markers for wheat leaf rust fungus, Puccinia triticina Eriks. Can J Plant Pathol 32:98–107

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Elsabet Wessels and Corneli Smit (CenGen) are thanked for development of the Lr19 RT protocol and Lr19 screening. Debbie Snyman and Lizaan Rademeyer (CenGen) are thanked for technical assistance. Paul Grobler (UFS) is thanked for help with interpretation of statistical data.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa

    Z. A. Pretorius, B. Visser, L. Herselman, R. Prins & T. I. Selinga

  2. Agriculture Research Council-Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X29, Bethlehem, 9700, South Africa

    T. Terefe

  3. CenGen (Pty) Ltd., 78 Fairbairn Street, Worcester, 6850, South Africa

    R. Prins

  4. Rattray Arnold Research Station, Seed Co Zimbabwe Ltd., P.O. Box CH142, Chisipite, Harare, Zimbabwe

    T. Soko

  5. Zambian Agriculture Research Institute, Mount Makulu Research Station, Private Bag 7, Chilanga, Zambia

    J. Siwale

  6. Department of Research and Specialist Services, Crop Breeding Institute, 5th Street Extension, P. O. Box CY550, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe

    B. Mutari

  7. CIMMYT-Ethiopia, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    D. P. Hodson

Authors
  1. Z. A. Pretorius
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. B. Visser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. Terefe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. L. Herselman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. R. Prins
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. T. Soko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. J. Siwale
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. B. Mutari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. T. I. Selinga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. D. P. Hodson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Z. A. Pretorius.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pretorius, Z.A., Visser, B., Terefe, T. et al. Races of Puccinia triticina detected on wheat in Zimbabwe, Zambia and Malawi and regional germplasm responses. Australasian Plant Pathol. 44, 217–224 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-014-0339-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13313-014-0339-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation