Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental evaluation of new channel shear connector shapes

  • Published:
International Journal of Steel Structures Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In a steel–concrete composite beam, the channel shear connector is an easy solution to ensure the connection due to its availability and the simplicity of its welding. However, increasing the channel shear connector length negatively affects the concrete slabs and creates difficulties to cross the longitudinal reinforcing bars. To solve this problem, five new channel shear connector shapes are proposed and studied in this paper. Twelve push-out tests using a new setup, and three pull-out tests, were carried out under monotonic loading to identify the shape that gives the best performance. The failure modes, the effects of new channel shapes on the load-slip behavior, the concrete slaps, the bending deformation, and the height between the two plastic hinges that appeared near the base of channel connectors were mainly studied. The study reveals that the modification of the channel shear connector shape is a promising way and positively influences the concrete-connector relationship and also the bending deformation capacity of the channel connector. As a result, the concrete cracking decreased, the ductility increased between about 15–31%, and the ultimate strength improved slightly between about 0–5.1%. Finally, the experimental results are compared to the existing equations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • ANSI-AISC, AS (2005) 360–05. Specification for structural steel buildings. Chicago: American In-stitute of Steel Construction.

  • Arıkoğlu, P., Baran, E., & Topkaya, C. (2020). Behavior of channel connectors in steel-concrete composite beams with precast slabs. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 172, 106167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balasubramanian, R., & Rajaram, B. (2016). Study on behaviour of angle shear connector in steel-concrete composite structures. International Journal of Steel Structures, 16(3), 807–811.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baran, E., & Topkaya, C. (2012). An experimental study on channel type shear connectors. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 74, 108–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baran, E., & Topkaya, C. (2014). Behavior of steel–concrete partially composite beams with channel type shear connectors. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 97, 69–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • CAN/CSA-S16-01 (2001). Limit states design of steel structures (Canadian Standard Association). Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  • Eurocode 2 (2005). Design of concrete structures - Part 1–1: General rules and rules for buildings. Brussels.

  • Eurocode 3 (2006). Design of steel structures - Part 1–8: Design of joints. BS EN 1993–1. Standard, British.

  • Eurocode 4 (2005) Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Part 1–1: General rules and rules for buildings. European Committee for Standardization.

  • Fanaie, N., Esfahani, F. G., & Soroushnia, S. (2015). Analytical study of composite beams with different arrangements of channel shear connectors. Steel Composite Structures, International Journal, 19(2), 485–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, J.-S., Kwark, J., Joh, C., Yoo, S.-W., & Lee, K.-C. (2015). Headed stud shear connector for thin ultrahigh-performance concrete bridge deck. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 108, 23–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kwon, G., Engelhardt, M. D., & Klingner, R. E. (2012). Parametric studies and preliminary design recommendations on the use of postinstalled shear connectors for strengthening noncomposite steel bridges. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 17(2), 310–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lam, D. (2007). Capacities of headed stud shear connectors in composite steel beams with precast hollowcore slabs. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 63(9), 1160–1174.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Y., Zhang, Q., Bao, Y., & Bu, Y. (2019). Static and fatigue push-out tests of short headed shear studs embedded in Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC). Engineering Structures, 182, 29–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe, D., Das, R., & Clifton, C. (2014). Characterization of the splitting behavior of steel-concrete composite beams with shear stud connection. Procedia materials science, 3, 2174–2179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maleki, S., & Bagheri, S. (2008). Behavior of channel shear connectors, Part I: Experimental study. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 64(12), 1333–1340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mazoz, A., Benanane, A., & Titoum, M. (2013). Push-out tests on a new shear connector of I-shape. International Journal of Steel Structures, 13(3), 519–528.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naithani, K., Gupta, V., & Gadh, A. (1988). Behaviour of shear connectors under dynamic loads. Materials and Structures, 21(5), 359–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oehlers, D., & Coughlan, C. (1986). The shear stiffness of stud shear connections in composite beams. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 6(4), 273–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oehlers, D. J., & Bradford, M. A. (1995). 14 - Embedment forces. In D. J. Oehlers & M. A. Bradford (Eds.), Composite steel and concrete structural members (pp. 336–349). Pergamon.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Pashan A (2006) Behaviour of channel shear connectors: push-out tests. University of Saskatchewan

  • Shariati, M., Ramli Sulong, N., Arabnejad, M., & Mahoutian, M. (2011). Shear resistance of channel shear connectors in plain, reinforced and lightweight concrete. Scientific research and essays, 6(4), 977–983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shariati, M., Shariati, A., Sulong, N. R., Suhatril, M., & Khanouki, M. A. (2014). Fatigue energy dissipation and failure analysis of angle shear connectors embedded in high strength concrete. Engineering Failure Analysis, 41, 124–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shariati, M., Sulong, N. R., Shariati, A., & Kueh, A. (2016). Comparative performance of channel and angle shear connectors in high strength concrete composites: An experimental study. Construction and Building Materials, 120, 382–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shariati, M., Tahmasbi, F., Mehrabi, P., Bahadori, A., & Toghroli, A. (2020). Monotonic behavior of C and L shaped angle shear connectors within steel-concrete composite beams: An experimental investigation. Steel and Composite Structures, 35(2), 237–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen, M., & Chung, K. (2017). Experimental investigation into stud shear connections under combined shear and tension forces. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 133, 434–447.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shim, C. S. (2004). Experiments on limit state design of large stud shear connectors. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 8(3), 313–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Su, Q.-T., Yang, G.-T., & Li, C.-X. (2014). Structural behaviour of perforated shear connectors with flange heads in composite girders: an experimental approach. International Journal of Steel Structures, 14(1), 151–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toghroli, A., Mohammadhassani, M., Suhatril, M., Shariati, M., & Ibrahim, Z. (2014). Prediction of shear capacity of channel shear connectors using the ANFIS model. Steel Compos Struct, 17(5), 623–639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Topkaya, C., Yura, J. A., & Williamson, E. B. (2004). Composite shear stud strength at early concrete ages. Journal of Structural Engineering, 130(6), 952–960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tout F (2014) Experimental study of composite bonded structures : effect of creep, fatigue and durability. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I

  • Viest IM, Siess CP, Appleton JH, & Newmark NM (1951) Full scale tests on channel shear connectors in composite T-Beams. University of Illinois Bulletin, pp. 405.

  • Zhao, Q., Du, Y., Peng, Y., Xu, C., & Huang, G. (2020). Shear Performance of Short Channel Connectors in a Steel-UHPC Composite Deck. International Journal of Steel Structures, 20(1), 300–310.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, Z.-H., Zhang, L., Bai, Y., Ding, F.-X., Liu, J., & Zhou, Z. (2016). Mechanical performance of shear studs and application in steel-concrete composite beams. Journal of Central South University, 23(10), 2676–2687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zona, A., & Ranzi, G. (2014). Shear connection slip demand in composite steel–concrete beams with solid slabs. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 102, 266–281.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Laboratory of Materials and Mechanics of Structures at the University of M’sila, Algeria.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Materials and Mechanics of Structures, Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’sila, M’sila, Algeria

    Bilal Maghaghi & Messaoud Titoum

  2. University of Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria

    Aida Mazoz

Authors
  1. Bilal Maghaghi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Messaoud Titoum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aida Mazoz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bilal Maghaghi.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Maghaghi, B., Titoum, M. & Mazoz, A. Experimental evaluation of new channel shear connector shapes. Int J Steel Struct 21, 883–900 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-021-00478-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-021-00478-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation