Abstract
Based on the finite element simulation and the experimental verification, the stiffness of container building with holes is studied. Firstly, through finite element software of the Abaqus, 20ft and 40ft container model are established, and the corresponding holes and stiffening members are considered. Through simulation, the stiffness and Mises stress contour of the container model are got. Secondly, a full size experiment of container with holes is studied, and then, through comparison of the loading-displacement curves and the loading-stress curves with finite element simulation, the finite element model is verified. Finally, based on the verified finite element model, the influence laws of the hole and the stiffening member is given, and the relevant design recommendations of the hole position, the hole area, the hole size ratio and the stiffening member form are given. Research results make feasible in design and construction of the container buildings and provide some references to the corresponding specification preparation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ABAQUS (2014). ABAQUS Analysis user’s manual. Dassault Systems Simulia Corp., Providence, USA.
ABAQUS (2014). ABAQUS/CAE User’s Manual. Dassault Systems Simulia Corp., Providence, USA.
ABAQUS (2014). ABAQUS Keywords Reference Manual. Dassault Systems Simulia Corp., Providence, USA.
ABAQUS (2014). ABAQUS Example Problems Manual. Dassault Systems Simulia Corp., Providence, USA.
Bai, T. W. Gu, D. Q. and Hu, P. L. (2004). Hong Kong Container Architecture, Architecture & Building Press, Beijing, China.
Børvik, T. Hanssen, A. G. Dey, S. Langberg, H. and Langseth, M. (2008). “On the ballistic and blast load response of a 20ft ISO container protected with aluminium panels filled with a local mass-phase I: design of protective system.” Engineering Structures, 30(6), pp. 1605–1620.
Børvik, T. Burbach, A. Langberg, H. Langseth, M. (2008). “On the ballistic and blast load response of a 20ft ISO container protected with aluminium panels filled with a local mass-phase II: validation of protective system.” Engineering Structures, 30(6), pp. 1621–1631.
Davies, J. M. and Bryan, E. R. (1982). Manual of Stressed Skin Diaphragm Design, John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, New York, N.Y., USA.
Eccs N95 (1995). European recommendations for the application of metal sheeting acting as a diaphragmstressed skin design, Eccs, Geneva, Switzerland.
Garrido, L. (2011). Sustainable Architecture Containers, Instituto Monsa de Ediciones, Barcelona, Spain.
Galindo, M. (2011). Contemporary Prefab Houses, Braun Publishing AG, Berlin, Germany.
Giriunas, K. A. Sezen, H. and Dupaix, R. B. (2012). “Evaluation, modeling, and analysis of shipping container building structures.” Engineering Structures, 43(5), pp. 48–57.
Giriunas, K. A. (2012). Evaluation, modeling, and analysis of shipping container building structures. M.S. Thesis, the Ohio State University, Ohio, USA.
Gorgolewski, M. T. Grubb, P. J. and Lawson, R. M. (2001). Modular Construction Using Light Steel Framing Design of Residential Buildings, The Steel Construction Institute, New York, N.Y., USA.
ISO 1161: 1984 (1984). Series 1 freight containers-corner fittings-specification. ISO/TC 104, Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO 6346:1995 (1995). Freight containers-coding, identification and marking. ISO/TC 104, Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO/TR 15070: 1996 (1996). Series 1 freight containersrationale for structural test criteria. ISO/TC 104, Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO 830: 1999 (1999). Freight containers-vocabulary. ISO/TC 104, Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO 6892-1: 2009 (2009). Metallic materials-tensile testingpart 1: method of test at room temperature, CEN, Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO 668: 2013 (2013). Series 1 freight containersclassification, dimensions and ratings. ISO/TC 104, Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO 1496-1: 2013 (2013). Series 1 freight containersspecification and testing-part 1: general cargo containers for general purposes. ISO/TC 104, Geneva, Switzerland.
Kirkayak, L. Vinicius, A. D. S. and Suzuki, K. (2011). “On the vibrational characteristics of a two-tier scaled container stack.” Journal of marine science and technology, 16(3), pp. 354–365.
Lawson, R. M. Grubb, P. J. and Prewer, J. (1999). Modular Construction Using Light Steel Framing: an Architects Guide. The Steel Construction Institute, New York, N.Y., USA.
Luttrell, L. D. (2004). Diaphragm Design Manual, Steel Deck Institute, New York, N.Y., USA.
Minguet, J. M. (2012). Contemporary Green Prefab: Industrialized & Kit Architecture, Page One Pub., New York, N.Y., USA.
Rogan, A. L. and Lawson, R. M. (2000). Value and Benefits Assessment of Modular Construction, Wiley, Hoboken, N.J., USA.
Sawyers, P. (2008). Intermodal Shipping Container Small Steel Buildings, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, Charleston, USA.
Sawyers, P. (2011). Expanded Discussion: of the Method for Converting Shipping Containers into a Habitable Steel Building, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, Charleston, USA.
Smith, J. D. (2005). Shipping containers as building component. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Brighton, Brighton, Britain.
Smith, R. E. (2011). Prefab Architecture: a Guide to Modular Design and Construction, Wiley, Hoboken, N.J., USA.
Vinicius, A. D. S. (2011). Study on the dynamic response of container stacks using non-linear finite element analysis. Ph.D. Dissertation, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Vinicius, A. D. S. Kirkayak, L. and Suzuki, K. (2012). “Experimental and numerical analysis of container stack dynamics using a scaled model test.” Ocean Engineering, 39(4), pp. 24–42.
Vinicius, A. D. S. Levent, K. and Ikumu, W. (2013). “Experimental and numerical analysis of container multiple stacks dynamics using a scaled model.” Ocean Engineering, 74(4), pp. 218–232.
Zha, X. X. and Zuo, Y. (2014). “Study on the optimal design of the members of container building with building materials I: side board optimization.” Advanced Materials Research, 859(12), pp. 270–273.
Zha, X. X. and Zuo, Y. (2014). “Study on the optimal design of the members of container building with building materials II: joint and corner column optimization.” Advanced Materials Research, 859(12), pp. 266–269.
Zha, X. X. and Zuo, Y. (2014). “Study on theory and finite element analysis of longitudinal stiffness of multi-body container building.” Progress in Steel Building Structures, 36(4), pp. 24–28.
Zha, X. X. and Zuo, Y. (2015). “Analysis of mechanical properties of container structure under earthquake action.” Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 43(7), pp. 92–99.
Zha, X. X. and Zuo, Y. (2016). “Theoretical and experimental studies on in-plane stiffness of integrated container structure.” Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2016(8), pp. 1–20.
Zha, X. X. and Zuo, Y. (2016). “Finite element study of container structure under normal and high temperature.” Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2016(2016), pp. 1–15.
Zha, X. X. and Zuo, Y. (2016). “Theoretical and experimental studies on in-plane stiffness of container structure with holes.” Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2016(8), pp. 1–17.
Zuo, Y. and Zha, X. X. (2015). “Analysis of longitudinal stiffness of container building structure with holes.” Journal of Tianjin University, 2(2), pp. 167–176.
Zuo, Y. (2016). Theoretical simulated and experimental research on resistant lateral stiffness of container structure. Ph.D. Dissertation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zuo, Y., Zha, X. FEM and experimental study on mechanical property of container building with holes. Int J Steel Struct 17, 175–194 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-015-0132-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-015-0132-y