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Correlation of Cyfra 21-1 levels in saliva and serum with CK19 mRNA expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma

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Tumor Biology

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90 % of malignant lesions of oral cavity. The study assessed the potential of Cyfra 21-1 as a tumor marker in OSCC. The study included 50 patients of OSCC to evaluate levels of Cyfra 21-1 in serum and saliva by electrochemiluminescent immunoassay (ECLIA) and CK19 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in tissue by florescent quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) along with healthy individuals as control. The salivary and serum Cyfra 21-1 levels in patients of OSCC were significantly higher compared to controls (p value < 0.01). There was a 2.75-fold increase in CK19 mRNA expression in OSCC cases compared to controls. A significant positive correlation was found between serum and salivary Cyfra 21-1, serum Cyfra 21-1, and CK19 mRNA expression and between salivary Cyfra 21-1 and CK19 mRNA expression. Among these, correlation between serum and salivary Cyfra 21-1 was highly significant. Salivary and serum Cyfra 21-1 showed significantly elevated levels in grade II OSCC compared to grade I histopathologically. Elevated levels of salivary Cyfra 21-1 were associated with recurrence in OSCC patients. Reverse operating curve constructed using 3 ng/ml as a cutoff for serum Cyfra 21-1 revealed the sensitivity and specificity to be 88 and 78.2 %, respectively. Using a cutoff value of 8.5 ng/ml for salivary Cyfra 21-1, the sensitivity was found to be 93.8 % and specificity 84.3 %. We advocate salivary Cyfra 21-1 as a better diagnostic marker over serum Cyfra 21-1 as well as a potential marker in the prognosis of OSCC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, 110002, India

    Rewa Malhotra & Aadithya B. Urs

  2. Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India

    Anita Chakravarti & Suman Kumar

  3. Department of Biochemistry, G. B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India

    V. K. Gupta & Bhawna Mahajan

Authors
  1. Rewa Malhotra
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  2. Aadithya B. Urs
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  3. Anita Chakravarti
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  4. Suman Kumar
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  5. V. K. Gupta
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  6. Bhawna Mahajan
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Correspondence to Aadithya B. Urs.

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Ethics approval and consent to participate

The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Ethical Board Committee as a part of the research activities of the institute. Informed consent was taken from every patient participating in the study.

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Novelty and impact

This study attempts to assess the potential of Cyfra 21-1 as a tumor marker in OSCC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study correlating the levels of serum Cyfra 21-1, salivary Cyfra 21-1, and CK19 mRNA expression in tissue in OSCC employing advanced sensitive techniques like ECLIA and fluorescent quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Further, the study advocates salivary Cyfra 21-1 over serum Cyfra 21-1 for the diagnosis of OSCC.

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Malhotra, R., Urs, A.B., Chakravarti, A. et al. Correlation of Cyfra 21-1 levels in saliva and serum with CK19 mRNA expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Tumor Biol. 37, 9263–9271 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-016-4809-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-016-4809-4

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