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Testis expressed 19 is a novel cancer-testis antigen expressed in bladder cancer

  • Original Article
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Tumor Biology

Abstract

Bladder cancer exhibits high mortality as a result of limited therapeutic options and a high recurrence rate. Accordingly, novel treatments such as immunotherapy have emerged as promising therapeutic modalities to prolong overall patient survival and effect a disease cure, which has renewed enthusiasm for the identification of tumor-specific target antigens. Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are recognized as ideal targets for immunotherapy because of their expression features and high immunogenicity profiles. Here, we investigate the expression pattern of a novel CT antigen, testis-expressed 19 (TEX19), in patients with bladder carcinoma and among multiple human tissues. Six bladder cancer cell lines (T24, UM-UC-3, J82, 5637, SW780, and RT4) were also analyzed for TEX19 expression. Our results reveal that TEX19 expression in normal tissue is restricted to human testis. In addition, TEX19 mRNA expression was detected in 60 % (24/40) bladder cancer samples, whereas 58.20 % (110/189) were positive for TEXT19 protein expression. Compared to low-grade tumors, TEX19 exhibited increased expression in high-grade tumors, from 53.69 to 77.14 %, respectively (P = 0.011). TEX19 was also expressed in all six bladder cancer cell lines. Together, our findings suggest that TEX19 represents a novel CT gene and might play a role in the progression of bladder cancer and that this gene therefore provides a potential target for immunotherapy treatment strategies against bladder cancer.

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Abbreviations

CT:

Cancer-testis

TEX19:

Testis-expressed 19

MAGE-A1:

Melanoma antigen-A1

MAGE-A3:

Melanoma antigen-A3

NY-ESO-1:

New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1

ANCT:

Adjacent noncancerous tissue

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

SDS-PAGE:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PVDF:

Polyvinylidene difluoride

TMA:

Tissue microarray

H2O2 :

Hydroxyl peroxide

RT:

Room temperature

DAB:

Diaminobenzidine

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

TAAs:

Tumor-associated antigens

MAGE-A:

Melanoma antigen-A

TCC:

Transitional cell carcinoma

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Acknowledgments

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 81170613 and 81270740) and the Shenzhen Basic Research Knowledge Innovation Program (grant no. JCYJ20140416180 323426).

Authors’ contributions

JZ, CY, and XL conceived and designed the study and writing of the manuscript; JL, CW, XZ, and HW carried out the immunohistochemical staining, the morphological analysis, and the scoring of the sections; GY performed RT-PCR and qRT-PCR; JS carried out the western blotting. LL and ML were involved in statistical analysis; JD and LL corrected the paper; AT designed this study and help for writing; all authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Clinical Application of Cancer Genomics, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, China

      Jianhua Zhong, Yan Chen, Han Wang, Chenglong Wu, Xiaowen Zou, Gang Yang, Jing Shi, Liya Luo, Litao Liu & Aifa Tang

    2. Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China

      Jianhua Zhong, Xiaowen Zou & Jianping Deng

    3. Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China

      Yan Chen, Chenglong Wu, Gang Yang, Jing Shi, Liya Luo & Litao Liu

    4. Department of Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518037, China

      Xinhui Liao

    5. Department of Pediatric Urinary Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518038, China

      Jiaqiang Li

    6. Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China

      Han Wang

    7. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China

      Jianping Deng

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    1. Jianhua Zhong
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    2. Yan Chen
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    Corresponding author

    Correspondence to Aifa Tang.

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    All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

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    Additional information

    Jianhua Zhong, Yan Chen and Xinhui Liao contributed equally to this work.

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    Cite this article

    Zhong, J., Chen, Y., Liao, X. et al. Testis expressed 19 is a novel cancer-testis antigen expressed in bladder cancer. Tumor Biol. 37, 7757–7765 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4567-8

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4567-8

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