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ncRuPAR inhibits gastric cancer progression by down-regulating protease-activated receptor-1

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Tumor Biology

Abstract

ncRuPAR is a newly discovered long noncoding RNA molecule that can upregulate protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) during embryonic growth; however, its role in cancer has not been elucidated. Here, we conducted a study to investigate the role of ncRuPAR in gastric cancer. Significant downregulation of ncRuPAR was detected in gastric cancer tissues compared with paired adjacent nontumor tissues; however, both PAR-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were significantly higher in cancerous tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Additionally, the expression level of ncRuPAR was found to be significantly correlated with tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor size, and tumor-nodes-metastasis (TNM) stage and inversely associated with the mRNA levels and extent (E) × intensity (I) scores of PAR-1 and VEGF. The protein level of PAR-1 was significantly correlated with tumor size only, while the VEGF protein level was significantly correlated with invasion depth and tumor size. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of ncRuPAR was 0.84 (95 % CI 0.79–0.88) at a cutoff value of 4.97; ncRuPAR had a sensitivity of 88.41 %, a specificity of 73.91 %, and an accuracy of 81.16 % for the prediction of gastric cancer. These results suggest that ncRuPAR inhibits gastric cancer development, and its underlying mechanism involves the inhibition of PAR-1. In addition, ncRuPAR could be regarded as a marker for gastric cancer in the future.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grants 81102693 and 81102565).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, 200433, Shanghai, China

    Long Liu & Xiaoqiang Yue

  2. Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China

    Bing Yan

  3. Department of Pathology, The 81st Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China

    Zhihui Yang

  4. Department of General Surgery, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China

    Xiaodong Zhang & Qunhao Gu

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  1. Long Liu
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  2. Bing Yan
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  3. Zhihui Yang
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  4. Xiaodong Zhang
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  5. Qunhao Gu
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  6. Xiaoqiang Yue
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Correspondence to Xiaoqiang Yue.

Additional information

Long Liu, Bing Yan, and Zhihui Yan contributed equally to this work.

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Liu, L., Yan, B., Yang, Z. et al. ncRuPAR inhibits gastric cancer progression by down-regulating protease-activated receptor-1. Tumor Biol. 35, 7821–7829 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2042-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-014-2042-6

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