Abstract
Melatonin is produced from tryptophan and is secreted by the pineal gland in periods of darkness; it has cytoprotective effects in endothelial cells. It has been reported that melatonin mediates the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through its effect on miRNA expression. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that silence gene expression, regulate most cellular processes involved in development, and maintain cell functions. In this study, we confirmed the expression of 136 and 154 miRNAs when endothelial cells were treated with melatonin concentrations of 100 μM and 1 mM, respectively. We investigated anti-correlations in miRNA-target-mRNA pairs, and we identified a total of 13 and 44 mRNAs showing an expression difference of >1.5 fold, following exposure to melatonin concentrations of 100 μM and 1 mM, respectively. These profiling data revealed a variety of biological effects, including cell death, apoptosis and proliferation, via a Gene Ontology analysis of biological processes. The results of this study suggest that melatonin may regulate miRNA and gene expression and may have a cytoprotective effect on endothelial cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Tocharus, C. et al. Melatonin enhances adult rat hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation via ERK signaling pathway through melatonin receptor. Neuroscience 275C:314–321 (2014).
Reiter, R. J., Tamura, H., Tan, D. X. & Xu, X. Y. Melatonin and the circadian system: contributions to successful female reproduction. Fertil Steril 102:321–328 (2014).
Trivedi, A. K. & Kumar, V. Melatonin: an internal signal for daily and seasonal timing. Indian J Exp Biol 52:425–437 (2014).
Dubocovich, M. L., Rivera-Bermudez, M. A., Gerdin, M. J. & Masana, M. I. Molecular pharmacology, regulation and function of mammalian melatonin receptors. Front Biosci 8:d1093–1108 (2003).
Audinot, V. et al. New selective ligands of human cloned melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 367:553–561 (2003).
Cajochen, C., Krauchi, K. & Wirz-Justice, A. Role of melatonin in the regulation of human circadian rhythms and sleep. J Neuroendocrinol 15:432–437 (2003).
Aygun, D., Kaplan, S., Odaci, E., Onger, M. E. & Altunkaynak, M. E. Toxicity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a review of melatonin and diclofenac sodium association. Histol Histopathol 27:417–436 (2012).
Vishwas, D. K., Mukherjee, A., Haldar, C., Dash, D. & Nayak, M. K. Improvement of oxidative stress and immunity by melatonin: an age dependent study in golden hamster. Exp Gerontol 48:168–182 (2013).
Goswami, S., Sharma, S. & Haldar, C. The oxidative damages caused by ultraviolet radiation type C (UVC) to a tropical roden Funambulus pennanti: role of melatonin. J Photochem Photobiol B 125:19–25 (2013).
Bai, J. et al. The role of melatonin as an antioxidant in human lens epithelial cells. Free Radical Research 47: 635–642 (2013).
Song, J. et al. Th Beneficial Effect of Melatonin in Brain Endothelial Cells against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Followed by Reperfusion-Induced Injury. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2014:639531 (2014).
Hu, Z. P. et al. Melatonin ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerosis by suppressing the TLR4/NF-kappaB system in highfat-fed rabbits. J Pineal Res 55:388–398 (2013).
Alvarez-Garcia, V., Gonzalez, A., Alonso-Gonzalez, C., Martinez-Campa, C. & Cos, S. Antiangiogenic effects of melatonin in endothelial cell cultures. Microvasc Res 87:25–33 (2013).
Yang, L. et al. Melatoni Suppresses Hypoxia-Induced Migration of HUVECs via Inhibition of ERK/Rac1 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 15:14102–14121 (2014).
Rodella, L. F. et al. Vascular endothelial cells and dysfunctions: role of melatonin. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 5: 119–129 (2013).
Ingram, D. A. et al. Vessel wall-derived endothelial cells rapidly proliferate because they contain a complete hierarchy of endothelial progenitor cells. Blood 105:2783–2786 (2005).
Sumpio, B. E., Riley, J. T. & Dardik, A. Cells in focus: endothelial cell. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 34:1508–1512 (2002).
Kobayashi, H. et al. Selective suppression of endothelial cell apoptosis by the high molecular weight form of adiponectin. Circulation Research 94:E27–E31 (2004).
Kuehbacher, A., Urbich, C., Zeiher, A. M. & Dimmeler, S. Role o Dicer and Drosha for endothelial microRNA expression and angiogenesis. Circ Res 101:59–68 (2007).
Jeong, S. I. et al. MicroRNA microarray analysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to benzo (a)pyrene. Biochip J 6:191–196 (2012).
Fasanaro, P. et al. MicroRNA-210 modulates endothelial cell response to hypoxia and inhibits the receptor tyrosine kinase ligand Ephrin-A3. J Biol Chem 283: 15878–15883 (2008).
Zhao, Y. et al. MicroRNA regulation of messenger-like noncoding RNA s: a network of mutual microRNA control. Trends Genet 24:323–327 (2008).
Baier, S. R., Nguyen, C., Xie, F., Wood, J. R. & Zempleni, J. MicroRNA Are Absorbed in Biologically Meaningful Amounts from Nutritionally Relevant Doses of Cow Milk and Affect Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, HEK-293 Kidney Cell Cultures, and Mouse Livers. J Nutr 144:1495–1500 (2014).
Nadeem, U., Ye, G., Salem, M. & Peng, C. MicroRNA-378a-5 Targets Cyclin G2 to Inhibit Fusion and Differentiation in BeWo Cells. Biol Reprod 91:76 (2014).
Bjorner, S. et al. Epithelial an Stromal MicroRNA Signatures of Columnar Cell Hyperplasia Linking Let-7c to Precancerous and Cancerous Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation. PLoS One 9:e105099 (2014).
Zhu, X. et al. MicroRNA-30e Suppresses Dengue Virus Replication by Promoting NF-kappaB-Dependent IFN Production. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3088 (2014).
Kim, J. Y. et al. Genome-wide profiling of the micro RNA-mRNA regulatory network in skeletal muscle with aging. Aging (Albany NY) 6:524–544 (2014).
Doebele, C. et al. Members of the microRNA-17–92 cluster exhibit a cell-intrinsic antiangiogenic function in endothelial cells. Blood 115:4944–4950 (2010).
Hergenreider, E. et al. Atheroprotective communication between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells through miRNA s. Nature Cell Biology 14:249–256 (2012).
Wang, S. et al. The endothelial-specific microRNA miR-126 governs vascular integrity and angiogenesis. Dev Cell 15:261–271 (2008).
Ramraj, S. K. et al. Serum-circulating miRNAs predict neuroblastoma progression in mouse model of high-risk metastatic disease. Oncotarget 7615 (2016).
Lee, S. E. et al. Genome-wide profiling in melatoninexposed human breast cancer cell lines identifies differentially methylated genes involved in the anticancer effect of melatonin. J Pineal Res 54:80–88 (2013).
Lee, S. E. et al. MicroRNA and gene expression analysis of melatonin-exposed human breast cancer cell lines indicating involvement of the anticancer effect. J Pineal Res 51:345–352 (2011).
Rodriguez, C. et al. Regulation of antioxidant enzymes: a significant role for melatonin. J Pineal Res 36:1–9 (2004).
Shaikh, A. Y., Xu, J., Wu, Y., He, L. & Hsu, C. Y. Melatonin protects bovine cerebral endothelial cells from hyperoxia-induced DNA damage and death. Neurosci Lett 229:193–197 (1997).
Ahsen, A. et al. Protective effect of melatonin on infrarenal aortic occlusion: this effect is related to anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant effect. Inflammation 37:1111–1119 (2014).
Bonnefont-Rousselot, D. Obesity an Oxidative Stress: Potential Roles of Melatonin as Antioxidant and Metabolic Regulator. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 14:159–168 (2014).
Mauriz, J. L., Collado, P. S., Veneroso, C., Reiter, R. J. & Gonzalez-Gallego, J. A review of the molecular aspects of melatonin’s anti-inflammatory actions: recent insights and new perspectives. J Pineal Res 54:1–14 (2013).
Park, H. J. et al. Melatonin inhibits lipopolysaccharideinduced CC chemokine subfamily gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a microarray analysis. J Pineal Res 43:121–129 (2007).
Yamamoto, S. et al. Expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor is correlated with lymph node metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 12:117–122 (2006).
Li, D. et al. Upregulation of nucleus HDGF predicts poor prognostic outcome in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma bypass VEGF-A and Ki-67. Med Oncol 30:702 (2013).
Okuda, Y. et al. Hepatoma-derived growth factor induces tumorigenesis in vivo through both direct angiogenic activity and induction of vascular endothelial growth factor. Cancer Sci 94:1034–1041 (2003).
Trigona, W. L., Mullarky, I. K., Cao, Y. & Sordillo, L. M. Thioredoxin reductase regulates the induction of haem oxygenase-1 expression in aortic endothelial cells. Biochem J 394:207–216 (2006).
Tanaka, T. et al. Redox regulation by thioredoxin superfamily; protection against oxidative stress and aging. Free Radic Res 33:851–855 (2000).
Zhang, D. et al. Synthesis an Molecular Recognition Studies on Small-Molecule Inhibitors for Thioredoxin Reductase. J Med Chem 57:8132–8139 (2014).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Son, G.W., Yang, H., Park, H.R. et al. Analysis of miRNA expression profiling in melatonin-exposured endothelial cells. Mol. Cell. Toxicol. 12, 73–81 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-016-0010-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13273-016-0010-5