Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Shish-kebab superstructure in low-crystallinity elastomer nanocomposites: Morphology regulation and load-transfer

  • Article
  • Published:
Macromolecular Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, a regulated morphology of multi-walled carbon nanotube bundles (CNTBs) in olefin block copolymer (OBC) is achieved via a facile method of short-time strong sonication and solution blending. Inside the CNTBs which consist of several to dozens of nanotubes, the nanotubes exhibit a well aligned structure. With the incorporation of CNTBs, a hybrid shish-kebab superstructure is formed that nanotubes in CNTBs form the central stems and OBC crystals form kebabs on the surface of nanotubes. Superior reinforcement is achieved, e.g., the tensile strength and Young’s modulus can be both tripled with 2 wt% CNTB incorporation. A downshift of G'band of CNTBs in nanocomposites in in situ Raman Spectra can be strikingly 10.09 cm−1, presenting remarkably effective load-transfer and leading to significant reinforcement. Additionally, unique morphology of CNTBs and the low compliance of rigid shish-kebab superstructure with large stereo hindrance could also contribute to the reinforcement of OBC/CNTB nanocomposites. In rheological tests, the nanocomposites exhibit quite low rheological percolation threshold of 0.34 wt% and gel point of 0.634 wt% as well as notable difference in terminal behavior in low frequency zone compared to that of neat OBC, revealing that the rigid bundle structure of CNTBs has remarkable effect on the viscoelastic behavior of OBC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C. Steve and W. S. Kurt, Prog. Polym. Sci., 33, 797 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. D. J. Arriola, E. M. Carnahan, P. D. Hustad, R. L. Kuhlman, and T. T. Wenzel, Science, 312, 714 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. F. Zuo, C. Burger, X. M. Chen, Y. M. Mao, B. S. Hsiao, H. Y. Chen, G. R. Marchand, S. Y. Lai, and D. Chiu, Macromolecules, 43, 1922 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. F. Zuo, Y. M. Mao, X. W. Li, C. Burger, B. S. Hsiao, H. Y. Chen, and G. R. Marchand, Macromolecules, 44, 3670 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. H. P. Wang, S. P. Chum, A. Hiltner, and E. Baer. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 113, 3236 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Bensason, E. V. Stepanov, S. Chum, A. Hiltner, and E. Baer, Macromolecules, 30, 2436 (1997).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. H. P. Wang, S. P. Chum, A. Hiltner, and E. Baer, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 47, 1313 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. T. Wen, Y. Zhou, G. M. Liu, F. S. Wang, X. Q. Zhang, D. J. Wang, H. Y. Chen, K. Walton, G. Marchand, and J. Loos, Polymer, 53, 529 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. T. Wen, G. M. Liu, Y. Zhou, X. Q. Zhang, F. S. Wang, H. Y. Chen, J. Loos, and D. J. Wang, Macromolecules, 45, 5979 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Hone, B. Batlogg, Z. Benes, A. T. Johnson, and J. E. Fischer, Science, 289, 1730 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. F. Liu, O. Lourie, M. J. Dyer, K. Moloni, T. F. Kelly, and R. S. Ruoff, Science, 287, 637 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. R. H. Baughman, A. A. Zakhidov, and W. A. de Hee, Science, 297, 787 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov, Nat. Mater., 6, 183 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S. V. Dubonos, I. V. Grigorieva, and A. A. Firsov, Science, 306, 666 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieval, S. V. Dubonos, and A. A. Firsov, Nature, 438, 197 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. N. G. Sahoo, S. Rana, J. W. Cho, L. Li, and S. H. Chan, Prog. Polym. Sci., 35, 837 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. K. Zhang, J. Y. Lim, H. J. Choi, J. H. Lee, and W. J. Choi, J. Mater. Sci., 48, 3088 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S. W. Ko, R. K. Gupta, S. N. Bhattacharya, and H. J. Choi, Macromol. Mater. Eng., 295, 320 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. B. X. Yang, K. P. Pramoda, G. Q. Xu, and S. H. Goh, Adv. Funct. Mater., 17, 2062 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Baskaran, J. W. Mays, and M. S. Bratcher, Chem. Mater., 17, 3389 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. Moniruzzaman, J. Chattopadhyay, W. E. Billups, and K. I. Winey, Nano Lett., 7, 1178 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. N. Y. Ning, F. Luo, K. Wang, Q. Zhang, F. Chen, R. N. Du, C. Y. An, B. F. Pan, and Q. Fu, J. Phys. Chem. Part B, 112, 14140 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. C. Y. Li, L. Y. Li, W. Cai, S. L. Kodjie, and K. K. Tenneti, Adv. Mater., 17, 1198 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. N. Y. Ning, S. R. Fu, W. Zhang, F. Chen, K. Wang, H. Deng, Q. Zhang, and Q. Fu, Prog. Polym. Sci., 37, 1425 (2012).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Liang, K. Wang, D. Q. Chen, Q. Zhang, R. N. Du, and Q. Fu, Polymer, 49, 4925 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. J. N. Coleman, M. Cadek, R. Blake, V. Nicolosi, K. P. Ryan, C. Belton, A. Fonseca, J. B. Nagy, Y. K. Gun'ko, and W. J. Blau, Adv. Funct. Mater., 14, 791 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. H. P. Wang, D. U. Khariwala, W. Cheung, S. P. Chum, A. Hiltner, and E. Baer, Macromolecules, 40, 2852 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. J. N. Coleman, U. Khan, W. J. Blau, and Y. K. Gun’ko, Carbon, 44, 1624 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. E. T. Thostenson and T. W. Chou, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 35, L77 (2002).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. A. Kim, T. Hayashi, M. Endo, Y. Gotoh, N. Wada, and J. Seiyama, Scr. Mater., 54, 31 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Q. Hou, J. J. Ge, J. Zeng, Q. Li, D. H. Reneker, A. Greiner, and S. Z. D. Cheng, Chem. Mater., 16, 967 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. R. Sen, B. Zhao, D. Perea, M. E. Itkis, H. Hu, L. James, E. Bekyarova, and R. C. Haddon, Nano Lett., 4, 459 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. J. B. Gao, A. P. Yu, M. E. Itkis, E. Bekyarova, B. Zhao, S. Niyogi, and R. C. Haddon, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 16698 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. J. J. Ge, H. Q. Hou, Q. Li, M. J. Graham, A. Greiner, D. H. Reneker, F. W. Harris, and S. Z. D. Cheng, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 15754 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. K. Yamamoto, S. Akita, and K. Nakayama, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 31, L34 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. C. A. Martin, J. K. W. Sandler, A. H. Windle, M. K. Schwarz, W. Bauhofer, K. Schulte, and M. S. P. Shaffer, Polymer, 46, 877 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. J. K. W. Sandler, J. E. Kirk, I. A. Kinloch, M. S. P. Shaffer, and A. H. Windle, Polymer, 44, 5893 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. H. S. Peng, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 42 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. B. J. Hinds, N. Chopra, T. Rantell, R. Andrews, V. Gavalas, and L. G. Bachas, Science, 303, 62 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. H. S. Peng and X. M. Sun, Chem. Phys. Lett., 471, 103 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. E. T. Thostenson, Z. F. Ren, and T. W. Chou, Compos. Sci. Technol., 61, 1899 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. E. Flahaut, A. Peigney, Ch Laurent, Ch Marliere, F. Chastel, and A. Rousset, Acta Mater., 48, 3803 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. A. Peigney, Ch Laurent, E. Flahaut, and A. Rousset, Ceram. Int., 26, 667 (2000).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. A. Peigney, Ch Laurent, O. Dumortier, and A. Rousset, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 18, 1995 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. A. Peigney, Ch Laurent, and A. Rousset, Key Eng. Mater., 132, 743 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. P. M. Ajayan, L. S. Schadler, C. Giannaris, and A. Rubio, Adv. Mater., 12, 750 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. M. F. Yu, B. S. Files, A. Arepalli, and R. S. Ruoff, Phys. Rev. Lett., 84, 5552 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. J. P. Salvetat, G. A. D. Briggs, J. Bonard, R. R. Bacsa, A. J. Kuilik, T. Stockli, N. A. Burnham, and L. Forro, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 944 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. H. E. Park, J. M. Dealy, G. R. Marchand, J. Wang, S. Li, and R. A. Register, Macromolecules, 43, 6789 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. F. Mai, K. Wang, M. J. Yao, F. Chen, and Q. Fu, J. Phys. Chem. B, 114, 10693 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. S. J. V. Frankland, A. Caglar, D. W. Brenner, and M. Griebel, J. Phys. Chem. B, 106, 3046 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. W. J. Ma, L.Q. Liu, Z. Zhang, R. Yang, G. Liu, T. H. Zhang, X. F. An, X. S. Yi, Y. Ren, Z. Q. Niu, J. Z. Li, H. B. Dong, W. Y. Zhou, P. M. Ajayan, and S. S. Xie, Nano Lett., 9, 2855 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. A. Kis, G. Csanyi, J. P. Salvetat, T. N. Lee, E. Couteau, S. J. Kulik, W. Benoit, J. Brugger, and L. Forro, Nat. Mater., 3, 153 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. A. J. R. da Silva, A. Fazzio, and A. Antonelli, Nano Lett., 5, 1045 (2005).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. K. L. Jiang, Q. Q. Li, and S. S. Fan, Nature, 419, 801 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. D. Qian, W. K. Liu, and R. S. Ruoff, Compos. Sci. Technol., 63, 1561 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. M. Zhang, K. R. Atkinson, and R. H. Baughman, Science, 306, 1358 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. A. K. Kota, B. H. Cipriano, M. K. Duesterberg, A. L. Gershon, D. Powell, S. R. Raghavan, and H. A. Bruck, Macromolecules, 40, 7400 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Y. Z. Pan and L. Li, Polymer, 54, 1218 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. F. Du, R. C. Scogna, W. Zhou, S. Brand, J. E. Fischer, and K. I. Winey, Macromolecules, 37, 9048 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. P. Potschke, M. Abdel-Goad, I. Alig, S. Dudkin, and D. Lellinger, Polymer, 45, 8863 (2004).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. N. Sharma and R. M. Kasi, Langmuir, 26, 7418 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China

    Siduo Wu, Jinrong Wu, Guangsu Huang & Hui Li

Authors
  1. Siduo Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jinrong Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Guangsu Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hui Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jinrong Wu or Guangsu Huang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wu, S., Wu, J., Huang, G. et al. A Shish-kebab superstructure in low-crystallinity elastomer nanocomposites: Morphology regulation and load-transfer. Macromol. Res. 23, 537–544 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-015-3071-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-015-3071-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation