Abstract
The genus Muscodor comprises fungal endophytes which produce mixtures of volatile compounds (VOCs) with antimicrobial activities. In the present study, four novel species, Muscodor musae, M. oryzae, M. suthepensis and M. equiseti were isolated from Musa acuminata, Oryza rufipogon, Cinnamomum bejolghota and Equisetum debile, respectively; these are medicinal plants of northern Thailand. The new Muscodor species are distinguished based on morphological and physiological characteristics and on molecular analysis of ITS-rDNA. Volatile compound analysis showed that 2-methylpropanoic acid was the main VOCs produced by M. musae, M. suthepensis and M. equiseti. The mixed volatiles from each fungus showed in vitro antimicrobial activity. Muscodor suthepensis had the highest antifungal activity.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atmosukarto I, Castillo U, Hess WM, Sears J, Strobel G (2005) Isolation and characterization of Muscodor albus I-41.3 s, a volatile antibiotic producing fungus. Plant Sci 169:854–861. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.06.002
Azevedo JL, Ereira JOP, Araujo WL (2000) Endophytic microorganisms: a review on insect control and recent advances on tropical plants. Electron J Biotechnol 3:40–65
Daisy B, Strobel G, Ezra D, Castillo U, Bairn G, Hess WM (2002) Muscodor vitigenus anam. sp. nov., an endophyte from Paullinia paullinioides. Mycotaxon 81:463–475
Ezra D, Hess WM, Strobel GA (2004) New endophytic isolates of Muscodor albus, a volatile antibiotic producing fungus. Microbiology 150:4023–4031. doi:10.1099/mic.0.27334-0
Gao F, Dai C, Liu X (2010) Mechanisms of fungal endophytes in plant protection against pathogens. Afr J Microbiol Res 4:1346–1351
González MC, Anaya AL, Glenn AE, Macías-Rubalcava ML, Hernández-Bautista BE, Hanlin RT (2009) Muscodor yucatanensis, a new endophytic ascomycete from Mexican chakah, Bursera simaruba. Mycotaxon 110:363–372
Hyde KD, Soytong K (2008) The fungal endophyte dilemma. Fungal Divers 33:163–173
Kudalkar P, Strobel G, Hassan S, Geary B, Sears J (2012) Muscodor sutura, a novel endophytic fungus with volatile antibiotic activities. Mycoscience. doi:10.1007/s10267-011-0165-9
Macías-Rubalcava ML, Hernández-Bautista BE, Oropeza F, Duarte G, González MC, Glenn AE, Hanlin RT, Anaya AL (2010) Allelochemical effects of volatile compounds and organic extracts from Muscodor yucatanensis, a tropical endophytic fungus from Bursera simaruba. J Chem Ecol 36:1122–1131. doi:10.1007/s10886-010-9848-5
Mercier J, Jiménez-Santamaría I, Tamez-Guerra P (2007) Development of the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus Worapong, Strobel, and Hess as a novel antimicrobial biofumigant. Rev Mex Fitopatol 25:173–179
Mitchell AM, Strobel GA, Hess WM, Vargas PN, Ezra D (2008) Muscodor crispans, a novel endophyte from Ananas ananassoides in the Bolivian Amazon. Fungal Divers 31:37–44
Ramin AA, Braun PG, Prange RK, DeLong JM (2005) In vitro effects of Muscodor albus and three volatile components on growth of selected postharvest microorganisms. Hortscience 40:2109–2114
Saikkonen K, Wali P, Helander M, Faeth SH (2004) Evolution of endophyte–plant symbioses. Trends Plant Sci 9:275–280. doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2004.04.005
Sopalun K, Strobel GA, Hess WM, Worapong J (2003) A record of Muscodor albus, an endophyte from Myristica fragrans in Thailand. Mycotaxon 88:239–247
Strobel GA (2003) Endophytes as source of bioactive products. Microbes Infect 5:535–544. doi:10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00073-X
Strobel GA, Daisy B (2003) Bioprospecting for microbial endophytes and their natural products. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 67:491–502. doi:10.1128/mmbr.67.4.491-502.2003
Strobel GA, Dirske E, Sears J, Markworth C (2001) Volatile antimicrobials from Muscodor albus, a novel endophytic fungus. Microbiology 147:2943–2950. doi:10.1099/mic.0.27334-0
Strobel GA, Kluck K, Hess WM, Sears J, Ezra D, Vargas PN (2007) Muscodor albus E-6, an endophytic of Guazuma ulmifolia making volatile antibiotics: isolation, characterization and experimental establishment in the host plant. Microbiology 153:2613–2620. doi:10.1099/mic.0.2007/008912-0
Suwannarach N, Bussaban B, Hyde KD, Lumyong S (2010) Muscodor cinnamomi, a new endophytic species from Cinnamomum bejolghota. Mycotaxon 114:15–23
Swofford DL (2002) PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods), beta version 4.0b10. Sinauer, Sunderland
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higguns DG (1997) The CLUSTAL_X Windows Interface: Flexible stratgies for multiple sequene alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 24:4876–4882
Worapong J, Strobel GA, Ford EJ, Li JY, Brird G, Hess WM (2001) Muscodor albus anam. nov., an endophyte from Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Mycotaxon 79:67–79
Worapong J, Strobel GA, Daisy B, Castillo UF, Baird G, Hess WM (2002) Muscodor roseus anam. sp. nov., an endophyte from Grevillea pteridifolia. Mycotaxon 81:463–475
Zhang C, Wang G, Mao L, Komon-Zelazowska M, Yuan Z, Lin F, Druzhinina IS, Kubicek CP (2010) Muscodor fengyangensis sp. nov. from southeast China: morphology, physiology and production of volatile compounds. Fungal Biol 114:797–808. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.07.006
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by The Higher Education Commission, Thailand, under the National Research University (A1) program, Chiang Mai University, and TRF Research-Team promotion Grant RTA5580007. We are grateful to Keegan Kennedy for improving the English text.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Suwannarach, N., Kumla, J., Bussaban, B. et al. Molecular and morphological evidence support four new species in the genus Muscodor from northern Thailand. Ann Microbiol 63, 1341–1351 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-012-0593-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-012-0593-6