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Effects of long-term chlorimuron-ethyl application on the diversity and antifungal activity of soil Pseudomonas spp. in a soybean field in Northeast China

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Abstract

The herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl has been applied widely for weed control in farmland, especially in soybean fields in China over the past decade, but the chronic effects of this herbicide on soil microorganisms, particularly Pseudomonas spp., is not well understood. Taking a continuously cropped soybean field in the town of Fuyuan—a soybean production base of Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China—as a case study, soil samples were collected from plots having received 0-, 5-, and 10-year applications of chlorimuron-ethyl (30 g active component of chlorimuron-ethyl/ha/year) to study the abundance and diversity of Pseudomonas spp. Meanwhile, an in vitro assay was used to examine the antifungal activities of isolated Pseudomonas spp. against soil-borne pathogens (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani) causing soybean root rot disease. The production of siderophore, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and lytic enzymes (cellulase, pectinase, and chitinase) by Pseudomonas spp. was also investigated. With 5- and 10- year chlorimuron-ethyl application, the numbers of soil Pseudomonas spp. decreased from 121 × 102 CFU/g dry soil in the control to 40 × 102 CFU/g dry soil and 13 × 102 CFU/g dry soil, and the Shannon index values decreased from 6.23 to 3.71 and 1.73, respectively. The numbers of antifungal Pseudomonas spp. also decreased, and the proportions of Pseudomonas spp. with antifungal activities against the different test pathogens altered. All the antifungal Pseudomonas spp. could produce siderophore and HCN but not lytic enzymes. The results suggest that long-term application of chlorimuron-ethyl in continuously cropped soybean field had negative effects on the abundance and diversity of soil Pseudomonas spp., including species with different antifungal activities against pathogens. Siderophore and HCN rather than lytic enzymes formed the antifungal metabolites of Pseudomonas spp., and the number of antifungal Pseudomonas that can produce siderophore and HCN decreased markedly under application of chlorimuron-ethyl, especially after 10-year application.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Prof. Chenggang Zhang and Prof. Likai Zhou, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for proving valuable edits on the manuscript. We thank the anonymous reviewers and editors of this paper for their insightful comments and helpful remarks. This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) (2012AA101403) and the National Science Foundation (No. 41071202)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China

    Jingjing Wang, Huiwen Zhang, Shenghong Qin, Huanbo Tan & Xinyu Li

  2. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China

    Xiaoli Zhang

  3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Jingjing Wang, Shenghong Qin & Huanbo Tan

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  1. Jingjing Wang
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Correspondence to Xinyu Li.

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Wang, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, X. et al. Effects of long-term chlorimuron-ethyl application on the diversity and antifungal activity of soil Pseudomonas spp. in a soybean field in Northeast China. Ann Microbiol 63, 335–341 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-012-0479-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-012-0479-7

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