Abstract
One aspiration of the wine industry is to control technological factors in order to produce wines with low biogenic amines content. Among these factors, amino acids and ammonium ions are essential nutrients for the growth of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria during alcoholic and malolactic fermentation, but they are also potential biogenic amine precursors. Nitrogen is often a limiting nutrient for Saccharomyces cerevisiae during batch alcoholic fermentation and must occasionally be modified. This action, however, can be contradictory with the aim of controlling biogenic amine content. Rationalised to nitrogen addition, fermentation experiments at the pilot scale (100 L) were performed using grapes (Syrah and Grenache) obtained from the Rhone Valley, by varying the concentration and type of nitrogen added. The purpose of this work was to assess the effect of nitrogen addition on the final concentration of biogenic amines under wine-making conditions. We showed that, in fact, the addition of nitrogen allows rapid fermentation, limiting bacterial growth. The impact of this supplement, however, is an enrichment of precursors. Our results demonstrate that these two opposing mechanisms are translated into reality by increasing the final concentration of biogenic amines.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alcaide-Hidalgo JM, Moreno-Arribas MV, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Polo MC (2007) Influence of malolactic fermentation, postfermentative treatments and ageing with lees on nitrogen compounds of red wines. Food Chem 103:572–581
Alexandre H, Costello PJ, Remize F, Guzzo J, Guilloux-Benatier M (2004) Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Oenococcus oeni interactions in wine: current knowledge and perspectives. Int J Food Microbiol 93:141–154
Bely M, Sablayrolles J-M, Barre P (1990) Automatic detection of assimilable nitrogen deficiencies during alcoholic fermentation in oenological conditions. J Ferment Bioeng 70:246–252
Bodmer S, Imark C, Kneubuhl M (1999) Biogenic amines in foods: histamine and food processing. Inflamm Res 48:296–300
Carrau, F. M., Medina, K., Farina, L., Boido, E., Henschke, P. A., Dellacassa, E. (2008). Production of fermentation aroma compounds by Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine yeasts: effects of yeast assimilable nitrogen on two model strains. FEMS Yeast Res.
Gomez-Alonso S, Hermosin-Gutierrez I, Garcia-Romero E (2007) Simultaneous HPLC analysis of biogenic amines, amino acids, and ammonium ion as aminoenone derivatives in wine and beer samples. J Agric Food Chem 55:608–613
González M, Ancín A (2006) Amine concentrations in wine stored in bottles at different temperatures. Food Chem 99:680–685
Guilloux-Benatier M, Chassagne D (2003) Comparison of components released by fermented or active dried yeasts after aging on lees in a model wine. J Agric Food Chem 51:746–751
Herbert P, Cabrita MJ, Ratola N, Laureano O, Alves A (2005) Free amino acids and biogenic amines in wines and musts from the Alentejo region. Evolution of amines during alcoholic fermentation and relationship with variety, sub-region and vintage. J Food Eng 66:315–322
Herbert P, Cabrita MJ, Ratola N, Laureano O, Alves A (2006) Relationship between biogenic amines and free amino Acid contents of wines and musts from Alentejo (Portugal). J Environ Sci Health B 41:1171–1186
Hernandez-Orte P, Bely M, Cacho J, Ferreira V (2006) Impact of ammonium additions on volatile acidity, ethanol, and aromatic compound production by different Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains during fermentation in controlled synthetic media. Aust J Grape Wine Res 12:150–160
Hernández T, Estrella I, Carlavilla D, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Moreno-Arribas MV (2006) Phenolic compounds in red wine subjected to industrial malolactic fermentation and ageing on lees. Anal Chim Acta 563:116–125
Jansen SC, van Dusseldorp M, Bottema KC, Dubois AE (2003) Intolerance to dietary biogenic amines: a review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 91:233–240, quiz 241-2, 296
Lucas PM, Claisse O, Lonvaud-Funel A (2008) High frequency of histamine-producing bacteria in the enological environment and instability of the histidine decarboxylase production phenotype. Appl Environ Microbiol 74:811–817
Martin-Alvarez P, Marcobal A, Polo C, Moreno-Arribas M (2006) Influence of technological practices on biogenic amine contents in red wines. Eur Food Res Technol 222:420–424
Nannelli F, Claisse O, Gindreau E, de Revel G, Lonvaud-Funel A, Lucas PM (2008) Determination of lactic acid bacteria producing biogenic amines in wine by quantitative PCR methods. Lett Appl Microbiol 47:594–599
Önal A (2007) A review: Current analytical methods for the determination of biogenic amines in foods. Food Chem 103:1475–1486
Pozo-Bayón ÁM, Andújar-Ortiz I, Moreno-Arribas MV (2009) Scientific evidences beyond the application of inactive dry yeast preparations in winemaking. Food Res Int 42:754–761
Remize F, Gaudin A, Kong Y, Guzzo J, Alexandre H, Krieger S, Guilloux-Benatier M (2006) Oenococcus oeni preference for peptides: qualitative and quantitative analysis of nitrogen assimilation. Arch Microbiol 185:459–469
Ritt JF, Guilloux-Benatier M, Guzzo J, Alexandre H, Remize F (2008) Oligopeptide assimilation and transport by Oenococcus oeni. J Appl Microbiol 104:573–580
Sablayrolles J-M, Dubois C, Manginot C, Roustan J-L, Barre P (1996) Effectiveness of combined ammoniacal nitrogen and oxygen additions for completion of sluggish and stuck wine fermentations. J Ferment Bioeng 82:377–381
Taillandier P, Ramon F, Fuster A, Strehaiano P (2007) Effect of ammonium concentration on alcoholic fermentation kinetics by wine yeasts for high sugar content. Food Microbiol 24:95–100
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the European Community under the Seventh Framework Program of the grant agreement KBBE-211441-BIAMFOOD.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bach, B., Colas, S., Massini, L. et al. Effect of nitrogen addition during alcoholic fermentation on the final content of biogenic amines in wine. Ann Microbiol 61, 185–190 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-010-0119-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-010-0119-z