Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Electrochemical Immunoassay Based on Indium Tin Oxide Activity Toward a Alkaline Phosphatase

  • Original Article
  • Published:
BioChip Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In vitro diagnostic technologies, used to evaluate disease status at the point-of-care (POC), are of urgent importance to improve diagnostic capabilities in bladder cancer. However, currently available approaches have a limitation because of their lack of detection for early-staged cancer. Herein, we developed an electrochemical immunosensor for the POC diagnosis of bladder cancer in which the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its metabolite, ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP), are employed as the electrochemical label and redox signaling unit. The indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode exhibits no redox activity toward the AAP substrate, whereas its metabolic add of ascorbic acid (AA) produces strong oxidation current under the voltammetric measurement. The ITO electrode and the ALP enzyme are revealed as an excellent combination for the development of the electrochemical immunosensors in both direct- and sandwich-type immunoassay approach. Determination of apolipoprotein-A4 and metallopeptidase-9, two representative bladder cancer markers, were used to evaluate our approach, and excellent quantification with standard deviation 10 % was achieved. Overall, our results showed that our method offers an opportunity for the development of a variety of new forms of portable POC diagnostic devices with low cost and excellent performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. U. Pillai, R. & Cherian, S. Emerging Technologies for Point-of-Care Testing: A future outlook for Scientists and Engineers. Review article.

  2. P. & Patel, J. Biosensors and biomarkers: promising tools for cancer diagnosis. Int. J. Biosen. Bioelectron.3, 313–316 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Yager, P., Domingo, G.J., & Gerdes, J. Point-of-care diagnostics for global health. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng.10, 107–144 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Rusling, J.F., Kumar, C.V., Gutkind, J.S. & Patel, V. Measurement of biomarker proteins for point-of-care early detection and monitoring of cancer. Analyst135, 2496–2511 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Kim, H., Chung, D.R. & Kang, M. A new point-of-care test for the diagnosis of infectious diseases based on multiplex lateral flow immunoassays. Analyst144, 2460–2466 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S.K. Point-of-care diagnostics: Recent advances and trends. Biosensors7, 62 (2017).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Crook, N.E., & Payne, C.C. Comparison of three methods of ELISA for baculoviruses. J. Gen. Virol.46, 29–37 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Glavan, A.C., Christodouleas, D.C., Mosadegh, B., Yu, H.D., Smith, B.S., Lessing, J., Fernández-Abedul, M.T. & Whitesides, G.M. Folding analytical devices for electrochemical ELISA in hydrophobic RH paper. Anal. Chem.86, 11999–12007 (2014).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Klein-Schneegans, A.S., Gavériaux, C., Fonteneau, P. & Loor, F. Indirect double sandwich ELISA for the specific and quantitative measurement of mouse IgM, IgA and IgG subclasses. J. Immunol. Methods119, 117–125 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Kim, S.-E., Kim, Y.J., Song, S., Lee, K.-N. & Seong, W.K. A simple electrochemical immunosensor platform for detection of apolipoprotein A1 (Apo-A1) as a bladder cancer biomarker in urine. Sens. Actuators, B278, 103–109 (2019).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Gan, S.D. & Patel, K.R. Enzyme immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Invest. Dermatol.133, 1–3 (2013).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Li, C., Yang, Y., Wu, D., Li, T., Yin, Y. & Li, G. Improvement of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the multicolor detection of biomarkers. Chem. Sci.7, 3011–3016 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang, L., Du, D., Lu, D., Lin, C.T., Smith, J.N., Timchalk, C., Liu, F., Wang, J. & Lin, Y. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of organophosphorylated butyrylcholinesterase: a biomarker of exposure to organophosphate agents. Anal. Chim. Acta693, 1–6 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nimse, S.B., Sonawane, M.D., Song, K.S. & Kim, T. Biomarker detection technologies and future directions. Analyst141, 740–755 (2016).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Hutchinson, L.M., Chang, E.L., Becker, C.M., Ushiyama, N., Behonick, D., Shih, M.C., De Wolf, W.C., Gaston, S.M. & Zetter, B.R. Development of a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for thymosin β15, a urinary biomarker of human prostate cancer. Clin. Biochem.38, 558–571 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Kwon, S.J., Yang, H., Jo, K. & Kwak, J. An electrochemical immunosensor using p-aminophenol redox cycling by NADH on a self-assembled monolayer and ferrocene-modified Au electrodes. Analyst133, 1599–1604 (2008).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Akanda, M.R., Aziz, M.A., Jo, K., Tamilavan, V., Hyun, M.H., Kim, S. & Yang, H. Optimization of phosphatase-and redox cycling-based immunosensors and its application to ultrasensitive detection of troponin I. Anal. Chem.83, 3926–3933 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Choi, M., Jo, K. & Yang, H. Effect of different pre-treatments on indium-tin oxide electrodes. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc.34, 421–425 (2013).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Seong, W.K., Song, S., Kim, Y.J. & Lee, K.N. Detection method of a electrochemical biosensor for a bladder cancer biomarker in urine. Polymer Science and Technology30, 228–231 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Karathanasis, S.K., Oettgen, P., Haddad, I.A. & Antonarakis, S.E. Structure, evolution, and polymorphisms of the human apolipoprotein A4 gene (APOA4). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.83, 8457–8461 (1986).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Jin, J., Min, H., Kim, S.J., Oh, S., Kim, K., Yu, H.G., Park T & Kim Y. Development of diagnostic biomarkers for detecting diabetic retinopathy at early stages using quantitative proteomics. J. Diabetes Res.2016, 6571976 (2016).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Eissa, S., Ali-Labib, R., Swellam, M., Bassiony, M., Tash, F. & El-Zayat, T.M. Noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer by detection of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and their inhibitor (TIMP-2) in urine. Eur. Urol.52, 1388–1396 (2007).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Ricci, S., Bruzzese, D. & Di Carlo, A. Evaluation of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, NGAL and MMP-9/NGAL complex in urine and sera from patients with bladder cancer. Oncol. Lett.10, 2527–2532 (2015).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Offersen, B.V., Knap, M.M., Horsman, M.R., Verheijen, J., Hanemaaijer, R. & Overgaard, J. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 measured in urine from bladder cancer patients is an independent prognostic marker of poor survival. Acta Oncol.49, 1283–1287 (2010).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program of the National Research Foundation (grant no. NRF-2015M3A9E2028480), and by the research funds (grant no. 10077648) of the Ministry of trade, Industry and Energy, Korea.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Human IT Convergence Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25, Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi, 13509, Korea

    Sunga Song, Young Joo Kim, Won-Hyo Kim, Kook-Nyung Lee & Woo Kyeong Seong

  2. Department of Chemistry and ICMC Conversions Technology, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea

    Ik-Soo Shin

Authors
  1. Sunga Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Young Joo Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ik-Soo Shin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Won-Hyo Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kook-Nyung Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Woo Kyeong Seong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Ik-Soo Shin or Kook-Nyung Lee.

Additional information

Conflict of Interests The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Song, S., Kim, Y.J., Shin, IS. et al. Electrochemical Immunoassay Based on Indium Tin Oxide Activity Toward a Alkaline Phosphatase. BioChip J 13, 387–393 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-019-3410-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13206-019-3410-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation