Abstract
Five sponge specimens belonging to the genera Spongilla and Ciocalypta were collected from Little Rann of Kutch (in Gujarat, India) and analysed for associated microbiomes. Critical analysis was done with respect to members of the phylum Planctomycetes, using two different strategies; 1. Culture-independent metagenomic approach and 2. culture-dependent anaerobic enrichment for anammox-planctomycetes. The 16S rRNA gene (V1-V3 region) amplicon metagenome analysis revealed significant divergence in bacterial diversity, including Planctomycetes among the sponges analysed. Community metagenomics revealed a total of 376 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to 41 different phyla. OTUs belonging to Proteobacteria was the most abundant (38%) among the sponge analysed. The KEGG annotation predicted a total of 6909 KEGG orthologs (KOs); most of the KOs are associated with membrane transport, xenobiotic degradation, production of secondary metabolites, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. In the culture-dependent study, FISH analysis confirmed the association of anammox-planctomycetes with sponges. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of two planctomycetes (JC545, JC543) were cladding with those of uncultured Phycisphaerae class. The other three putative anammox bacteria (JC541, JC542, JC544) formed a different clade with “Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans”. These three putative bacteria believably represent new species/genus related to “Candidatus Brocadia”.
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Acknowledgements
Chintalapati Venkata Ramana thanks to the Department of Biotechnology and CSIR Government of India for the award of Tata Innovative Fellowship and financial assistance, respectively. Vaddavalli Radha thanks to University Grants Commission for the award of Women-Post Doctoral Fellowship. Gaurav Kumar thanks to Department of Biotechnology (DBT) for providing financial assistance in the form of fellowship, and Uppadda Jagadeeshwari thanks Technical Education Quality Improvement Program (TEQIP) of World Bank, given to IST, JNTU Hyderabad. Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) and TEQIP are acknowledged for providing financial assistance to JNT University Hyderabad. DST and UGC are acknowledged for providing infrastructural facilities under FIST and SAP-DRS programs to Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad.
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Kumar, G., Radha, V., Jagadeeshwari, U. et al. Bacterial communities of sponges from the wetland ecosystem of Little Rann of Kutch, India with particular reference to Planctomycetes. 3 Biotech 10, 478 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02449-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-020-02449-1