Abstract
Pectin derived from plant waste sources is currently focused as an economical and eco-friendly approach. Optimization of pectin extraction from muskmelon peel by response surface methodology (RSM) was investigated in this study. Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was used to identify the optimal level of the extraction variables such as time, pH and temperature. A second-order model equation for pectin extraction was obtained from multiple regression analysis of experimental data with the correlation coefficient (R 2) value of 0.92. ANOVA results showed that linear effect of temperature and combined effect of pH with temperature were found significant for pectin extraction from muskmelon peel. Validation results had good agreement with the predicted results. Pectin extracted from muskmelon peel was classed as high methoxy pectin with the equivalent weight of 384.5 g/mol. Non-newtonian pseudoplastic flow behaviour was observed for muskmelon pectin from the viscosity studies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alba K, Laws AP, Kontogiorgos V (2015) Isolation and characterization of acetylated LM-pectins extracted from okra pods. Food Hydrocoll 43:726–735
Albishri HM, Almaghrabi OA, Moussa TAA (2013) Characterization and chemical composition of fatty acids content of watermelon and muskmelon cultivars in Saudi Arabia using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Pharmacogn Mag 9:58–66
Casas-Orozco D, Villa AL, Bustamante F, González LM (2015) Process development and simulation of pectin extraction from orange peels. Food Bioprod Process 96:86–98
Castillo-Israel KAT, Baguio SF, Diasanta MDB, Lizardo RCM, Dizon EI, Mejico MIF (2015) Extraction and characterization of pectin from Saba banana [Musa ‘saba’(Musa acuminata x Musa balbisiana)] peel wastes: a preliminary study. Int Food Res J 22:202–207
Chen Y, Zhang JG, Sun HJ, Wei ZJ (2014) Pectin from Abelmoschus esculentus optimization of extraction and rheological properties. Int J Biol Macromol 70:498–505
de Oliveira CF, Giordani D, Lutckemier R, Gurak PD, Cladera-Olivera F, Marczak LDF (2016) Extraction of pectin from passion fruit peel assisted by ultrasound. LWT-Food Sci Technol 71:110–115
Denman LJ, Morris GA (2015) An experimental design approach to the chemical characterisation of pectin polysaccharides extracted from Cucumis melo Inodorus. Carbohydr Polym 117:364–369
Doran MP (2013) Bioprocess engineering principles, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Hosseini SS, Khodaiyan F, Yarmand MS (2016a) Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of pectin from sour orange peel and its physicochemical properties. Carbohydr Polym 140:59–65
Hosseini SS, Khodaiyan F, Yarmand MS (2016b) Aqueous extraction of pectin from sour orange peel and its preliminary physicochemical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 82:920–926
Joye DD, Luzio GA (2000) Process for selective extraction of pectins from plant material by different pH. Carbohydr Polym 43:337–342
Korish M (2015a) Potential utilization of Citrullus lanatus var. Colocynthoides waste as a novel source of pectin. J Food Sci Technol 52:2401–2407
Korish M (2015b) Faba bean hulls as a potential source of pectin. J Food Sci Technol 52:6061–6066
Kratchanova M, Pavlova E, Panchev I (2004) The effect of microwave heating of fresh orange peels on the fruit tissue and quality of extracted pectin. Carbohydr Polym 56:181–185
Kulkarni SG, Vijayanand P (2010) Effect of extraction conditions on the quality characteristics of pectin from passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis f. Flavicarpa L.). LWT-Food Sci Technol 43:1026–1031
Li DQ, Du GM, Jing WW, Li JF, Yan JY, Liu ZY (2015) Combined effects of independent variables on yield and protein content of pectin extracted from sugar beet pulp by citric acid. Carbohydr Polym 129:108–114
Liew SQ, Chin NL, Yusof YA (2014) Extraction and characterization of pectin from passion fruit peels. Agric Agric Sci Procedia 2:231–236
Liew SQ, Chin NL, Yusof YA, Cheok CY (2015) Citric acid extraction of pectin from tropical fruit peels of passion fruit, dragon fruit and soursop. J Food Agric Environ 13:45–51
Maran JP (2015) Statistical optimization of aqueous extraction of pectin from waste durian rinds. Int J Biol Macromol 73:92–98
Minjares-Fuentesa R, Femeniaa A, Garaua MC, Meza-Velázquezb JA, Simala S, Rossell C (2014) Ultrasound-assisted extraction of pectins from grape pomace using citric acid: a response surface methodology approach. Carbohydr Polym 106:179–189
Oliveira TÍS, Rosa MF, Cavalcante FL, Pereira PHF, Moates GK, Wellner N, Mazzetto SE, Waldron KW, Azeredo HMC (2015) Optimization of pectin extraction from banana peels with citric acid by using response surface methodology. Food Chem 198:113–118
Owens HS, McCready RM, Shepard AD, Schultz TH, Pippen EL, Swenson HA, Miers JC, Erlandsen RF, Maclay WD (1952) Methods used at western regional research laboratory for extraction of pectic materials. USDA Bur Agric Ind Chem pp 9
Padmanaban S, Balaji N, Muthukumaran C, Tamilarasan K (2015) Statistical optimization of process parameters for exopolysaccharide production by Aureobasidium pullulans using sweet potato based medium. 3 Biotech 5:1067–1073
Pandit SG, Vijayanand P, Kulkarni SG (2015) Pectic principles of mango peel from mango processing waste as influenced by microwave energy. LWT-Food Sci Technol 64:1010–1014
Qiu L-P, Zhao G-L, Wu H, Jiang L, Li X-F, Liu J-J (2010) Investigation of combined effects of independent variables on extraction of pectin from banana peel using response surface methodology. Carbohydr Polym 80:326–331
Sadasivam S, Manickam A (2008) Biochemical methods, 3rd edn. New Age International (P) Limited, India
Salunkhe DK, Kadam SS (1998) Handbook of vegetable science and technology: production, composition, storage and processing. Marcel-Dekker, New York
Seixas FL, Fukuda DL, Turbiani FRB, Garcia PS, Petkowicz CLO, Jagadevan S, Gimenes ML (2014) Extraction of pectin from passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) by microwave-induced heating. Food Hydrocoll 38:186–192
Seslija S, Dj Veljovic, Kalagasidis KM, Stevanovic J, Velickovic S, Popovic I (2016) Cross-linking of highly methoxylated pectin with copper: the specific anion influence. New J Chem 40:1618–1625
Sharma PC, Gupta A, Kaushal P (2014) Optimization of method for extraction of pectin from apple pomace. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 5:184–189
Sharmila G, Nikitha VS, Ilaiyarasi S, Dhivya K, Rajasekar V, Manojkumar N, Muthukumaran K, Muthukumaran C (2016) Ultrasound assisted extraction of total phenolics from Cassia auriculata leaves and evaluation of its antioxidant activities. Ind Crops Prod 84:13–21
Singthong J, Cui SW, Ningsanond S, Goff HD (2004) Structural characterization, degree of esterification and some gelling properties of Krueo Ma Noy (Cissampelos pareira) pectin. Carbohydr Polym 58:391–400
Srikanth S, Swathi M, Tejaswini M, Sharmila G, Muthukumaran C, Jaganathan MK, Tamilarasan K (2014) Statistical optimization of molasses based exopolysaccharide and biomass production by Aureobasidium pullulans MTCC 2195. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol 3:7–12
Tang PY, Kek TS, Gan CZ, Hee CY, Chong CH, Woo KK (2011) Yield and Some Chemical Properties of Pectin Extracted from the Peels of Dragon Fruit [Hylocereus polyrhizus (Weber) Britton and Rose]. Philipp Agric Sci 94:307–311
Thirugnanasambandham K, Sivakumar V, Maran JP (2014) Process optimization and analysis of microwave assisted extraction of pectin from dragon fruit peel. Carbohydr Polym 112:622–626
Vriesmann LC, Teofalo RF, Petkowicz O (2012) Extraction and characterization of pectin from cacao pod husks (Theobroma cacao L.)with citric acid. LWT-Food Sci Technol 49:108–116
Wang X, Chen Q, Lu X (2014) Pectin extracted from apple pomace and citrus peel by subcritical water. Food Hydrocoll 38:129–137
Wang W, Ma X, Jiang P, Hu L, Zhi Z, Chen J, Ding T, Ye X, Liu D (2016) Characterization of pectin from grapefruit peel: a comparison of ultrasound-assisted and conventional heating extractions. Food Hydrocoll 61:730–739
Wikiera A, Mika M, Starzynska-Janiszewska A, Stodolak B (2016) Endo-xylanase and endo-cellulase-assisted extraction of pectin from apple pomace. Carbohydr Polym 142:199–205
Yeoh S, Shi J, Langrish T (2008) Comparison between different techniques for water based extraction of pectins from orange peels. Chem Eng Commun 19:511–520
Zhang W, Xu P, Zhang H (2015) Pectin in cancer therapy: a review. Trend Food Sci Technol 44:258–271
Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to The Principal and The Head, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore for their encouragement and providing facilities to carry out this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest on publication of this article.
Ethical statement
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Muthukumaran, C., Banupriya, L., Harinee, S. et al. Pectin from muskmelon (Cucumis melo var. reticulatus) peels: extraction optimization and physicochemical properties. 3 Biotech 7, 66 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0655-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0655-3