Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Simple synthesis of Ag-doped CdS nanostructure material with excellent properties

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Applied Nanoscience Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is the most significant material due to discrete energy levels, size dependent optical properties, turntable band gap, quantum size effect, large photo resistivity and a wide range of photo-electronics, optical, electrical and luminescence applications. In this work, the precursors AgNO3, Cd (CH3CO2), Na2S and NH4OH are used for synthesis of Ag-doped CdS nanostructure by simple chemical co-precipitation method. The variation in properties of CdS has been checked by varying doping concentration of silver from 2.5 to 10%. The Powder X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the pure CdS has hexagonal wurtzite phase structure while Ag-doped CdS diffraction peaks confirmed the hexagonal structure. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows elemental composition and bond formation between different functional groups. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that nanoparticles are in the range of 50–100 nm and have spherical shape while Ag-doped CdS found in nanoclusters due to aggregation. The FTIR spectra confirmed Ag2-S and Cd-S stretching bonds due to doping. A blue shift in the band gap of CdS nanoparticles (4.2 eV) as compared to bulk CdS (2.58 eV) has been reported in UV spectrum. By increasing the Ag concentrations, it is decreased to 2.95 eV due to quantum size. Absorption spectra for Ag-doped samples are red shifted as compared to pure CdS sample. These remarkable properties of high optical transparency, decreasing band gap and absorption coefficient in electromagnetic spectrum (visible region), makes it applicable in worthwhile and efficient thin film solar cells.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alivisatos AP (1996) Semiconductor clusters, nanocrystals, and quantum dots. Science 271:933

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bawendi MG, Steigerwald ML, Brus LE (1990) The quantum mechanics of larger semiconductor clusters (“quantum dots”). Annu Rev Phys Chem 41:477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bawendi MG, Caroll PJ, Wilson WL, Brus LE (1992) Luminescence properties of CdSe quantum crystallites: resonance between interior and surface localized states. J Chem Phys 96:1335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chandel S, Ajan PR, Vallamattom AJ, Nampoori VP, Radhakrishnan P (2012a) A study of CdS and Ag doped prepared through CBD technique. Int Conf Fiber Opt Photon OSA 2012:1

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandel S et al (2012b) A study of CdS and Ag doped CdS prepared through CBD technique. In: International conference on fibre optics and photonics, Optical Society of America

  • Colvin VL, Schlamp MC, Alivisatos AP (1994) Light-emitting diodes made from cadmium selenide nanocrystals and a semiconducting polymer. Nature 370:354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui Y, Lieber CM (2001) Functional nanoscale electronic devices assembled using silicon nanowire building blocks. Science 291:851–853

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cullity BD (1967) Elements of X-ray Diffraction. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc., London

    Google Scholar 

  • Duchaniya RK (2014) Optical studies of chemically synthesis CdS nanoparticles. Int J Min Mech Eng 2:54–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Elilarassi R, Maheswari S, Chandrasekaran G (2010) Structural and optical characterization of CdS nanoparticles synthesized using a simple chemical reaction route. Optoelectron Adv Mater Rapid Commun 4:309–312

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grodzyuk GY, Shavlagin VV, Lavorik SR, Granchakl VM (2014) Luminescence of CdS nanoparticles doped with silver ions. Theor Exp Chem 50:212–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Ying, Zhang He, Wang Yao, Liao Zuo-Lei, Li Guo-Dong, Chen Jie-Sheng (2005) Controlled growth and photocatalytic properties of CdS nanocrystals implanted in layered metal hydroxide matrixes. J Phys Chem B 109:21602–21607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Henshaw G, Parkin P, Shaw G (1996) Elemental, liquid ammonia facilitated routes to zinc, cadmium, mercury copper, silver and lead telluride. J Mater Sci Lett 15:1741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu Yung-Jung, Shih-Yuan Lu (2008) Dopant-induced formation of branched CdS nanocrystals. Small 4(7):951–955

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huynh WU, Dittmer JJ, Alivisatos AP (2002) Hybrid nanorod-polymer solar cells. Science 295:2425

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jamali S, Saiver-Iranizad E, Farjami Shayesteh S (2007) Synthesis, optical and structural characterization of CdS nanoparticles. Int J Nanosci Technol 3:1

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim Dae Sung, Cho Yong Jae, Park Jeunghee, Yoon Jungbum, Jo Younghun, Jung Myung-Hwa (2007) (Mn, Zn) co-doped CdS nanowires. J Phys Chem C 111(29):10861–10868

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li YD, Liao HW, Qian YT, Ding Y, Fan Y, Zhang Y (1999) Solvothermal elemental direct reaction to CdE (E = S, Se, Te) semiconductor nanorod. Inorg Chem 38:138

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Tai Ga, Guo W (2010) Ultrasound-assisted microwave preparation of Ag-doped CdS nanoparticles. Ultrason Sonochem 17(3):534–540

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Yurong, Qi Limin, Ma Jiming, Cheng Humin, Shen Wei (2003) Synthesis of submicrometer-sized CdS hollow spheres in aqueous solutions of a triblock copolymer. Langmuir 19:9079–9085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maleki M, Ghamsari SM, Mirdamadi Sh, Ghasemzadeh R (2007) A facile route for CdS nanoparticles. Semicond Phys Quantum Electron Optoelectron 10:30–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mattoussi H, Radzilowski LH, Dabbousi LO, Thomus EL, Bawendi MG, Rubner MF (1998) Electroluminescence from hetrostructures of poly (phenylene vinylene) and inorganic CdSe nanocrystals. J Appl Phys 83:7965

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Murray CB, Norris DJ, Bawendi MG (1993) Synthesis and characterization of nearly monodisperse CdE (E = sulfur, selenium, tellurium) semiconductor nanocrystallites. J Am Chem Soc 115:8706

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nag Angshuman, Sapra Sameer, Gupta Subhra Sen, Prakash Ankita, Ghangrekar Ajit, Periasamy N, Sarma DD (2008) Luminescence in Mn-doped CdS nanocrystals. Bull Mater Sci 31(3):561–568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nithya N, Boopathi G (2013) Synthesis and Characterization of CdS and Ag doped CdS Nanoparticles. Int J Sci Res 6:14

    Google Scholar 

  • Pan Anlian, Wang Xiao, He Pengbin, Zhang Qinglin, Wan Qiang, Zacharias Margit, Zhu Xing, Zou Bingsuo (2007) Color-changeable optical transport through Se-doped CdS 1D nanostructures. Nano Lett 7(10):2970–2975

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peng XG, Manna L, Yang WD, Wickham J, Scher E, Kadavanich A, Alivisatos AP (2000) Shape control of CdSe nanocrystals. Nature 404:59

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad Ch, Sreenivasa Rao K, Sastry DL, Jose S, Vijaya Babus K (2016) Synthesis and characterization of Ag–CdS nanostructures. Int J Adv Eng Tech 9:84

    Google Scholar 

  • Reddy VT, Venkatesu P, Reddy TS, Suresh S (2012) Cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum particles: synthesis, characterization and properties. Int J Res Chem Environ 2(1):218–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosseti R, Ellison JL, Gibson JM, Brus LE (1984) Size effects in the excited electronic states of small colloidal CdS crystallites. J Chem Phys 80:552

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah NA, Nazir A, Mahmood W, Syed WA, Butt S, Ali Z, Maqsood A (2012) Physical properties and characterization of Ag doped Cds thin films. J Alloys Compd 512:27–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soltani N, Gharibshahi E, Saion E (2012) Band gap of cubic and hexagonal CdS quantum dots- experimental and theoretical studies. Chalcogenides Letters 9:321–328

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun SH, Murray CB (1999) Synthesis of monodisperse cobalt nanocrystals and their assembly into magnetic superlattices. J Appl Phys 85:4325

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taguchi T, Endoh Y, Nozue Y (1991) Relaxation due to multiple longitudinal-optical-phonon emission and dissociation of exciton in Cd0.3Zn0.7S/ZnS strained-layer superlattices. Appl Phys Lett 56:342

    Google Scholar 

  • Tessler N, Medvedev V, Kazes M, Banin U (2002) Efficient near-infrared polymer nanocrystal light-emitting diodes. Science 295:1506

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trindade T, Brien PO, Zhang X (1997) Synthesis of CdS and CdSe nanocrystallites using a novel single-molecule precursors approach. Chem Matter 9:523

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trindade T, Brien PO, Pickett NL (2001) Nanocrystalline semiconductors: synthesis, properties, and perspectives. Chem Mater 13:3843

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai CT, Chouu DS, Yang SL (1996) Studies of grain size effects in rf sputtered CdS thin films. J Appl Phys 79:9105

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Herron N (1991) Nanometer-sized semiconductor clusters: materials synthesis, quantum size effects, and photophysical properties. J Phys Chem 95:525

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu S, Wu Y, Yang J, Han Z, Quan Y, Liu X, Xie Y (1998) A novel solventothermal synthetic route to nanocrystalline CdE (E = S, Se, Te) and morphological control. Chem Matter 10:2309

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Tahir Iqbal, Gulshan Ara contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat, 50700, Pakistan

    Tahir Iqbal, Gulshan Ara, N. R. Khalid & Mohsin Ijaz

Authors
  1. Tahir Iqbal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gulshan Ara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. N. R. Khalid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohsin Ijaz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to N. R. Khalid or Mohsin Ijaz.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Iqbal, T., Ara, G., Khalid, N.R. et al. Simple synthesis of Ag-doped CdS nanostructure material with excellent properties. Appl Nanosci 10, 23–28 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01044-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01044-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation