Abstract
Presence and functional roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in wetland environment have gained a global importance in recent past. Wetlands build a low-oxygen atmosphere, forming a completely different ecological environment for AM fungi, known more to occur in terrestrial environment. Nevertheless, as many 101 of AM fungi species, belonging to 19 genera and 9 families have been observed in the rhizosphere of wetland plants. In order to obtain oxygen, AM fungi expand the aeration system of wetland plants, store oxygen through their own vesicles, or change the structure of AM to survive. Human activities negatively affect the wetland environment, thus, reducing the population of AM fungi, while certain AM fungi species still improved the survival and development of wetland plants. AM fungi regulate different physiological activities of wetland plants in response to waterlogging stress, including an enhancement of antioxidant defense system, increased proline accumulation, improved plant growth and root morphology, responses of nutrients and aquaporins, and suppression in ethanol accumulation. The current review briefly summarized different species of wetland plants forming AM structures, the population of AM fungi inhabiting the rhizosphere of wetland plant, AM fungi-colonization of wetland plants, and the effect of AM fungi on physiological functions of wetland plants to neutralize the negative impact of waterlogging in addition to outlook of researchable issues. This review also highlighted human impacts on AM fungi of wetland plants and the impact of AM fungi on wetland environments and wetland plants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asiimwe T, Krause K, Schlunk I, Kothe E (2012) Modulation of ethanol stress tolerance by aldehyde dehydrogenase in the mycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma vaccinum. Mycorrhiza 22:471–484
Azmat R, Moin S (2019) The remediation of drought stress under VAM inoculation through proline chemical transformation action. J Photochemi Photobiol B: Biol 193:155–161
Ban YH, Jiang YH, Li M, Zhang XL, Zhang SY, Wu Y, Xu ZY (2017) Homogenous stands of a wetland grass living in heavy metal polluted wetlands harbor diverse consortia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Chemosphere 181:699–709
Bao XZ, Wang YT, Olsson PA (2019) Arbuscular mycorrhiza under water-carbon-phosphorus exchange between rice and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different flooding regimes. Soil Biol Biochem 129:169–177
Beck-Nielsen D, Madsen TV (2001) Occurrence of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza in aquatic macrophytes from lakes and streams. Aquatic Bot 71:141–148
Bohrer KE, Friese CF, Amon JP (2004) Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in differing wetland habitats. Mycorrhiza 14:329–337
Bonfante P (2018) The future has roots in the past: the ideas and scientists that shaped mycorrhizal research. New Phytol 220:982–995
Calheiros CSC, Pereira SIA, Franco AR, Castro PML (2019) Diverse arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities colonize plants inhabiting a constructed wetland for wastewater treatment. Water 11:1535
Calvo-Polanco M, Molina S, Zamarreno AM, Garcia-Mina JM, Aroca R (2014) The symbiosis with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis drives root water transport in flooded tomato plants. Plant Cell Physiol 55:1017–1029
Cheng XF, Wu HH, Zou YN, Wu QS, Kuča K (2021) Mycorrhizal response strategies of trifoliate orange under well-watered, salt stress, and waterlogging stress by regulating leaf aquaporin expression. Plant Physiol Biochem 162:27–35
Fester T (2012) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a wetland constructed for benzene-, methyl tert-butyl ether –and ammonia-contaminated ground water remediation. Microbial Biotechnol 6:80–84
Fraser LH, Feinstein LM (2005) Effects of mycorrhizal inoculant, N:P supply ratio, and water depth on the growth and biomass allocation of three wetland plant species. Can J Bot 83:1117–1125
Fusconi A, Mucciarelli M (2018) How important is arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in wetland and aquatic habitats? Environ Exp Bot 155:128–141
Garcia I, Mendoza R (2014) Lotus tenuis seedlings subjected to drought or waterlogging in a saline sodic soil. Environ Exp Bot 98:47–55
He JD, Zou YN, Wu QS, Kuča K (2020) Mycorrhizas enhance drought tolerance of trifoliate orange by enhancing activities and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Sci Hortic 262:108745
Hu B, Hu SS, Chen ZB, Vymazal J (2020a) Employ of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for pharmaceuticals ibuprofen and diclofenac removal in mesocosm-scale constructed wetlands. J Hazard Mat 409:124524
Hu SS, Chen ZB, Vosatka M, Vymazal J (2020b) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization and physiological functions toward wetland plants under different water regimes. Sci Total Environ 716:137040
Hu SS, Hu B, Chen ZB, Vosatka M, Vymazal J (2020c) Antioxidant response in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculated wetland plant under Cr stress. Environ Res 191:110203
Hu TT, Kang SZ (2005) A review of responses of plants to waterlogging stress. J Fujian Agric For Univ (Nat Sci Edit) 34:18–24
Hussain S, Rao MJ, Anjum MA, Ejaz S, Zakir I, Ali MA, Ahmad N, Ahmad S (2019) Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in plants under drought conditions. In: Hasanuzzaman M, Hakeem K, Nahar K, Alharby H (eds) Plant abiotic stress tolerance. Springer, pp 207–219
Khan AG (1993) Occurrence and importance of mycorrhizae in aquatic trees of New South Wales, Australia. Mycorrhiza 3:31–38
Khan AG (2004) Mycotrophy and its significance in wetland ecology and wetland management. In: Wong MH (ed) Wetlands ecosystems in Asia. Elsevier, pp 95–114
Kong F, Feng G, Li XL, Shi YX (2004) Effect of heavy metal pollution on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi sporulation. Chin J Appl Environ Biol 10:218–222
Lenoir I, Fontaine J, Sahraoui ALH (2016) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal responses to abiotic stress: a review. Phytochemistry 123:4–15
Leyval C, Tumau K, Haselwandter K (1997) Effect of heavy metal pollution on mycorrhizal colonization and function: physiological, ecological and applied aspects. Mycorrhiza 7:139–153
Li H (2017) Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on AM formation and its function in wetland. Master's thesis. Beijing University of Chemical Tehnology, Beijing, pp 1–78
Lichvar RW (2014) The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2014-41:1–42
Liu JY, Cao M, Tang X, Yang XH, Huang XZ, Qin J (2016) Ecological reconstruction function and potential application of mulberry and mycorrhizal mulberry in the three gorges Reservior area. Acta Ecol Sin 36:22–29
Maricle BR, Lee RW (2002) Aerencyma development and oxygen transport in the estuarine cordgrasses Spartina alterni flora and S. anglica. Aquat Bot 74:109–120
Mejstrik V (1984) Ecology of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae of the Schoenetum nigricantis bohemicum community in the Grabanovsky swamps reserve. Sov J Ecol 15:18–23
Miller SP (2000) Arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of semiaquatic grasses along a wide hydrologic gradient. New Phytol 145:145–155
Muthukumar T, Udaiyan K, Shanmughavel P (2004) Mycorrhiza in sedges - an overview. Mycorrhiza 14:65–77
Neto D, Carvalho LM, Cruz C, Martins-Loução MA (2006) How do mycorrhizas affect C and N relationships in flooded Aster tripolium plants? Plant Soil 279:51–63
Osundina MA (1998) Nodulation and growth of mycorrhizal Casuarina equisetifolia J.R. and G. first in response to flooding. Biol Fertil Soils 26:95–99
Peng L, Liu ZF, Xiao WX, Yang LF, Deng SH (2012) The potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to improve decontamination capability and operational stability of constructed wetland. J Agro Environ Sci 31:1869–1878
Raiz M, Kamran M, Fang Y, Wang Q, Cao H, Yang G, Deng L, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Anastopoulos I, Wang XR (2021) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-induced mitigation of heavy metal phytotoxicity in metal contaminated soils: a critical review. J Hazard Mater 402:123919
Ramírez-Viga TK, Aguilar R, Castillo-Argüero S, Chiappa-Carrara X, Guadarram P, Ramos-Zapata J (2018) Wetland plant species improve performance when inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: a meta-analysis of experimental pot studies. Mycorrhiza 28:1–17
Rutto KL, Mizutani F, Kadoya K (2002) Effect of root-zone flooding on mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal peach (Prunus persica Batsch) seedlings. Sci Hortic 94:285–295
Sengupta A, Chaudhuri S (2002) Arbuscular mycorrhizal relations of mangrove plant community at the Ganges river estuary in India. Mycorrhiza 12:169–174
Sharma MP, Bhatia NP, Adholeya A (2001) Mycorrhizal dependency and growth responses of Acacia nilotica and Albizzia lebbeck to inoculation by indigenous AM fungi as influenced by available soil P levels in a semi-arid Alfisol wasteland. New For 21:89–104
Sidhoum W, Bahi K, Fortas Z (2020) The effect of salinity gradient and heavy metal pollution on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community structure in some Algerian wetlands. Acta Bot Croatica 79:3–14
Smith FA, Smith SE (2011) What is the significance of the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonisation of many economically important crop plants? Plant Soil 348:63–79
Sondergaard M, Laegaard S (1977) Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza in some aquatic plants. Nature 268:232–233
Sun ZG, Liu JS, Li B (2006) The actuality, problems and sustainable utilization countermeasures of wetland resources in China. J Arid Land Resources Environ 20(2):83–88
Tuheteru FD, Wu QS (2017) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and toelrance of waterlogging stress in plants. In: Wu QS (ed) Arbuscular mycorrhizas and stress tolerance of plants. Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd., pp 43–66
Twanabasu BR, Smith CM, Stevens KJ, Venables BJ, Sears WC (2013) Triclosan inhibits arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in three wetland plants. Sci Total Environ 447:450–457
Tuo XQ, Li S, Wu QS, Zou YN (2015) Alleviation of waterlogged stress in peach seedlings inoculated with Funneliformis mosseae: changes in chlorophyll and proline metabolism. Sci Hortic 197:130–134
Wang K, Zhao ZW (2006a) Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of wetland plants collected from Yunnan. Acta Bot Yunnanica 28:349–351
Wang K, Zhao ZW (2006b) Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizas and dark septate endophytes in hydrophytes from lakes and streams in Southwest China. Int Rev Hydrobiol 91:29–37
Wang SG, Diao XJ, Feng ZZ (2008) Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of wetland plants. Acta Ecol Sin 28:5075–5083
Wang Y, Huang Y, Qiu Q, Xin G, Yang Z, Shi S (2011) Flooding greatly affects the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities in the roots of wetland plants. PLoS One 6:e24512
Wezowics K, Turnau K, Anielska T, Zhebrak I, Goluszka K, Blaszkowski J, Rozpadek P (2015) Metal toxicity differently affects the Iris pseudacorus-arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi symbiosis in terrestrial and semi-aquatic habitats. Environ Sci Poll Res 22:19400–19407
Wirsel SGR (2004) Homogenous stands of a wetland grass harbour diverse consortia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 48:129–138
Wu HH, Zou YN, Rahman MM, Ni QD, Wu QS (2017) Mycorrhizas alter sucrose and proline metabolism in trifoliate orange exposed to drought stress. Sci Rep 7:42389
Wu QS, Srivastava AK, Zou YN (2013a) AMF-induced tolerance to drought stress in citrus: a review. Sci Hortic 164:77–87
Wu QS, Zou YN, Huang YM (2013b) The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Diversispora spurca ameliorates effects of waterlogging on growth, root system architecture and antioxidant enzyme activities of citrus seedlings. Fungal Ecol 6:37–43
Wu S, Sui X, Zhang T, Chen YT, Zhu DG, Cui FX, Yan LB (2019a) Research on the progress of AMF in wetland. Territory Nat Res Study 6:80–84
Wu QS, He JD, Srivastava AK, Zou YN, Kuca K (2019b) Mycorrhizas enhance drought tolerance of citrus by altering root fatty acid compositions and their saturation levels. Tree Physiol 39:1149–1158
Xie H, Yang L, Li ZG (2011) The roles of proline in the formation of plant tolerance to abiotic stress. Biotechnol Bull 60(2):23–27
Xie MM, Wang Y, Li QS, Kuča K, Wu QS (2020a) A friendly-environmental strategy: application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to ornamental plants for plant growth and garden landscape. Not Bot Horti Agrobo 48(3):1100–1115
Xie MM, Zou YN, Wu QS, Zhang ZZ, Kuča K (2020b) Single or dual inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia regulates plant growth and nitrogen acquisition in white clover. Plant Soil Environ 66:287–294
Xu Z, Ban Y, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Liu X (2016) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in wetland habitats and their application in constructed wetland: a review. Pedosphere 26:592–617
Xu Z, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Li J, Ban Y (2018) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in two vertical-flow wetlands constructed for heavy metal-contaminated wastewater bioremediation. Environ Sci Poll Res 25:12830–12840
Yan C, Zhuang T, Bai J, Wen X, Lu Q, Zhang L (2020) Assessment of as, cd, Zn, Cu and Pb pollution and toxicity in river wetland sediments and artificial wetland soils affected by urbanization in a Chinese delta. Wetlands 40:2799–2809
Yan JZ, Wu FS, Feng HY (2008) Review on the relationship between wetland plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin 28(4):836–842
Yang HS, Koide RT, Zhang Q (2016a) Short-term waterlogging increases arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species richness and shifts community composition. Plant Soil 404:373–384
Yang Y, Liang Y, Han X, Chiu TY, Ghosh A, Chen H, Tang M (2016b) The roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in phytoremediation and tree-herb interactions in Pb contaminated soil. Sci Rep 6:20469
Zhang YC, Xie MM, Feng HD, Zhou M, Zhang ZZ, Liu CY, Wu QS (2018) Common mycelium networks with Paraglomus occultum induce better plant growth and signal substance changes between trifoliate orange seedlings. Acta Sci Pol - Hortorum Cultus 17(6):95–104
Zhang YC, Zou YN, Liu LP, Wu QS (2019) Common mycorrhizal networks activate salicylic acid defense responses of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata). J Integrat Plant Biol 61(10):1099–1111
Zheng FL, Liang SM, Chu XN, Yang YL, Wu QS (2020) Mycorrhizal fungi enhance flooding tolerance of peach through inducing proline accumulation and improving root architecture. Plant Soil Environ 66:624–631
Zou YN, Srivastava AK, Wu QS, Huang YM (2014) Increasing tolerance of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata) seedlings to waterlogging after inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. J Anim Plant Sci 24:1415–1420
Zou YN, Wu QS, Huang YM, Ni QD, He XH (2013) Mycorrhizal-mediated lower proline accumulation in Poncirus trifoliata under water deficit derives from the integration of inhibition of proline synthesis with increase of proline degradation. PLoS One 8(11):e80568
Zou YN, Wu QS, Kuča K (2020) Unravelling the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in mitigating the oxidative burst of plants under drought stress. Plant Biol. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13161
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the Open Fund of Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education (KFT202005) and the Plan in Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Outstanding Young Scientists, Hubei Provincial Department of Education (T201604). This work was also supported by the UHK project VT2019-2021.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Huang, GM., Srivastava, A.K., Zou, YN. et al. Exploring arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in wetland plants with a focus on human impacts. Symbiosis 84, 311–320 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-021-00770-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-021-00770-8