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Species composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi differ in semi-natural and intensively managed pastures in an isolated oceanic island (Terceira, Azores)

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Abstract

Nothing is published about the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the Azores archipelago, either with regard to individual species, or at the community level. This study, based on identification through spore morphological characteristics, compares the AMF community structure of semi-natural and intensively managed pastures. Thirty-nine glomeromycotan fungal spore types were detected in soil, with species in the genera Acaulospora, Ambispora, Archaeospora, Claroideoglomus, Entrophospora, Gigaspora, Paraglomus, Sclerocystis, Scutellospora sensu Morton and Msiska (Mycorrhiza 20 483–496, 2010) and Rhizophagus. The two most representative groupings were the glomoid spore types and Acaulospora with 13 and 10 species respectively, followed by Scutellospora with 3. The glomeromycotan fungal richness was similar for both intensive and semi-natural pastures, with 28 spore types in the former and 23 in the latter but their composition differed. Semi-natural pastures were dominated by species from Acaulospora and Scutellospora, particularly S. calospora and A. cf. myriocarpa, while for intensively farmed pastures, species with glomoid spores, and members of the two genera Claroideoglomus and Paraglomus were found most frequently and abundantly. Spore densities of the most commonly found groupings — Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Scutellospora and the glomoid spores were correlated with soil chemical properties, suggesting that soil characteristics influence the AMF communities. These results indicate that intensity of pasture management may not influence AMF richness but is probably an important factor influencing their composition and abundance.

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Vasco Nunes of Regional Institute of Agrarian Planning for help with the field work, and for providing the aerial photographs. Many thanks to Clara Gaspar of Science Center for her most useful help with statistical analysis and suggestions, and also to Reinaldo Pimentel of Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) for providing the image software for the paper. We thank the soil laboratory and the chemistry laboratory of the University of the Azores for use of the facilities for spore extraction and chemical analyses of the soil. Many thanks to Raúl Paim for allowing the development of this study in his intensive pastures. CD Melo is indebted to Mery Jaizme-Vega of the Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, for the training on extraction methods of AMF species. We gratefully acknowledge financial support for this research from the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/18355/2004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A), University of the Azores, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal

    Catarina Drumonde Melo

  2. Currently at Centro Biotecnologia dos Açores IBB-CBA, University of the Azores, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal

    Catarina Drumonde Melo

  3. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK and School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Christopher Walker

  4. CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal

    Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría

  5. Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A and CE3C), University of the Azores, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal

    Paulo A. V. Borges

  6. CFE-Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal

    Helena Freitas

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Melo, C.D., Walker, C., Rodríguez-Echeverría, S. et al. Species composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi differ in semi-natural and intensively managed pastures in an isolated oceanic island (Terceira, Azores). Symbiosis 64, 73–85 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-014-0303-1

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