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Grain yield and quality characteristics of different genotypes of winter pea in comparison to spring pea for organic farming in pure and mixed stands

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Abstract

High grain yields are difficult to achieve for common spring pea (SP), mainly as a result of its relatively low competitiveness and yield instability. In field experiments, seven different genotypes of winter pea (WP) were analysed for their yield performance and yield stability in comparison to one SP in pure and mixed stands (two replacement designs with cereal) at two experimental sites in four and two growing seasons, respectively. Additionally, in a selection of treatments, parameters of grain quality were analysed. Two of the seven genotypes cannot be recommended for cropping in climates where there are frequent incidences of frost in winter, due to their poor winter hardiness. The pea grain yield of the highest-yielding WP grown in mixed stands (overall mean of 2.4 t DM ha−1) was higher than in a pure stand, with 1.8 and 1.9 t DM ha−1 for WP and SP, respectively. Moreover, the concentration of valuable substances (crude protein, amino acids) in WP was comparable to SP, but the concentration of unfavourable secondary compounds (tannin, trypsin inhibitor activity) was significantly higher. WP showed higher yield stability than SP, and negligible weed infestation was observed for WP, but not for SP. Hence, using WP–cereal mixtures provides an alternative to cropping SP, but awareness of the potential constraint to its use as feedstuff for monogastrics is required.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the German Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food (BLE, Bonn). Authors are indebted to E. Kölsch, D. Türk, M. Otto, A. Mindermann, S. Ahlers, E. Brüggemann-Kohaupt, E. Zwicker, U. Schliephake, U. Nehrenhaus, H. Nordhaus, E. Streich, R. Tiemann, H. Wallenhorst and several student helping hands for their excellent contribution in the field and the laboratory. We also thank Mrs. Stockdale and Mr. Locke for correcting our English.

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  1. Peer Urbatzka

    Present address: Bavarian State Research Centre of Agriculture, Institute for Agricultural Ecology, Organic Farming and Soil Protection, Lange Point 12, 85354, Freising, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Organic Farming and Cropping Systems, University of Kassel–Witzenhausen, Germany, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213, Witzenhausen, Germany

    Rüdiger Graß, Thorsten Haase, Christian Schüler & Jürgen Heß

  2. Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Applied Science, Oldenburger Landstraße 24, 49090, Osnabrueck, Germany

    Dieter Trautz

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Correspondence to Peer Urbatzka.

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Urbatzka, P., Graß, R., Haase, T. et al. Grain yield and quality characteristics of different genotypes of winter pea in comparison to spring pea for organic farming in pure and mixed stands. Org. Agr. 1, 187–202 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-011-0015-2

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