Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Infections à virus respiratoire syncytial (VRS) au CHU pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in the pediatric teaching hospital Charles de Gaulle of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

  • Santé Publique / Public Health
  • Published:
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique

Résumé

Les infections à virus respiratoire syncytial (VRS) sont peu connues au Burkina Faso. Notre étude a pour objectif d’étudier les aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques des infections à VRS chez les nourrissons hospitalisés au Centre hospitalier universitaire pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle de Ouagadougou. Entre le 1er juillet 2010 et le 30 juin 2011 nous avons analysé par la technique de l’immunofluorescence directe (IFD) et de la polymerase chain reaction (PCR) les prélèvements nasopharyngés effectués chez des enfants âgés de 0 à 36 mois consultants ou hospitalisés dans notre structure. Au total, 210 patients dont 74 malades de la consultation externe (35,2 %) et 136 malades hospitalisés (64,7 %) ont bénéficié d’une aspiration nasopharyngée. Les motifs de consultation étaient la toux (91,7 %), la rhinite (79,2 %), la fièvre (79,2 %) et la détresse respiratoire (66,7 %). Les diagnostics évoqués sont dominés par la bronchiolite aiguë dans 14 cas (58,3 %) suivi de la pneumopathie aiguë chez 7 patients (29,1 %), puis de la grippe chez un patient (4,2 %). Nous avons détecté par immunofluorescence directe les antigènes des virus respiratoires dans 21 aspirations nasopharyngées avec 10 cas d’infections à VRS, soit 47,6 %. La technique PCR réalisée sur 208 échantillons a permis d’identifier 153 échantillons positifs (73,2 %) dont 24 VRS, soit une prévalence globale de 16,2 % avec un pic de 18 cas (75 %). au mois d’octobre. Tous les patients avant toute confirmation virologique ont bénéficié d’une antibiothérapie souvent multiple d’au moins 10 jours qui n’était pas toujours nécessaire. L’évolution a été favorable chez tous nos patients. Cette étude confirme la place importante des virus qui sont détectés dans 70 % des cas. La méthode de détection par PCR multiplex, certes coûteuse mais efficace et performante, mérite son utilisation dans nos pays en voie de développement pour éviter la prescription irrationnelle d’antibiotique.

Abstract

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are little known in Burkina Faso. The objective of our work is to study the epidemiological and clinical aspects of RSV infections in infants in the Pediatric Teaching Hospital Charles de Gaulle of Ouagadougou. Between July 1st 2010 and June 30th 2011, we analyzed by direct immunofluorescence and PCR nasopharyngeal swabs from children from 0 to 36 months old. All in all, 210 patients among whom 74 from the external consultation (35.2%) and 136 hospitalized (64.7%) benefited from a nasopharyngeal aspiration. The motives for consultation were cough (91.7%), rhinitis (79.2%), fever (79.2%) and respiratory distress syndrome (66.7%). The evoked diagnoses were predominantly the acute bronchiolitis in 14 cases (58.3%) followed by the acute pulmonary disease in 7 patients (26.2%) then flue in 1 patient (16.7%). We detected by direct immunofluorescence the antigens of the respiratory viruses in 21 nasopharyngeal aspirations with 10 cases of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections (47.6%). The PCR realized on 208 samples allowed to identify 153 positive samples (73.2%) with 24 RSV, i.e. a global prevalence of 16.1% with a peak of 18 cases (75%). In October, all the patients benefited from an often multiple antibiotic treatment of at least 10 days which was not still necessary. The evolution was favorable for all patients. This study confirms the important place of the viruses which are detected in 70% of the cases. The PCR multiplex, certainly expensive but effective and successful, deserves to be used in our developing countries to avoid the irrational prescription of antibiotic.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Références

  1. Bloom-Feshbach Kl, Alonso WJ, Charu V, et al (2013). Latitudinal variations in seasonal activity of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV): a global comparative review. PLoS ONE 8 (2):e54445

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. El-Hajje MJ, Moulin F, de Suremain N, et al (2008). La fréquence du virus respiratoire syncytial et des autres virus respiratoires dans les hospitalisations de l’enfant. Presse Méd 37(1 Pt 1):37–43

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Ghafoor A, Nomani NK, Ishaq Z, et al (1990). Diagnoses of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Rev Infect Dis 12(S8):907–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hamzé M, Hlais S, Rachkidi J, et al (2010). Les infections à virus respiratoire syncytial au Nord du Liban-Prévalence au cours de l’hiver 2008. East Mediterr Health J 16 (5):539–4

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Hazlett DTl, Bell TM, Tukei PM, et al (1988). Viral etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory infections in children in Nairobi, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 39 (6):632–40

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hemalatha R, Swetha GK, Seshacharyulu M, Radhakrishna KV (2010) Respiratory syncytial virus in children with acute respiratory infections. Indian J Pediatr 77 (7):755–8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. John TJ, Cherian T, Steinhoff MC, et al (1991) Etiology of acute respiratory infections in children in tropical southern India. Rev Infect Dis 13(S6):463–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Johnson AW, Osinusi K, Aderele WI, et al (2008) Etiologic agents and outcome determinants of community-acquired pneumonia in urban children: a hospital-based study. J Natl Med Assoc 100 (4):370–85

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Kwofie TBl, Anane YA, Nkrumah B, et al (2012) Respiratory viruses in children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory tract infection in Ghana. Virol J 9:78

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Niang MN, Diop OM, Sarr FD, et al (2010) Viral etiology of respiratory infections in children under 5 years old living in tropical rural areas of Senegal: The EVIRA project. J Med Virol 82 (5):866–72

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Nimal D, Bach N, Brouard J, Freymuth F (2006). Infections respiratoires aiguës du nourrisson: épidémiologie virale comparative hospitalière et ambulatoire. Rev fr Allergol Immunol Clin 46 (6):600

    Google Scholar 

  12. O’Brien MA, Uyeki TM, Shay DK, et al (2004) Incidence of outpatient visits and hospitalizations related to influenza in infants and young children. Pediatrics 113(3Pt1):585–93

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Okiro EA, Ngama M, Bett A, Nokes DJ (2012) The incidence and clinical burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease identified through hospital outpatient presentations in Kenyan children. PLoS One 7 (12):e52520

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ploin D, Liberas S, Thouvenot D, et al (2003). Influenza burden in children newborn to eleven months of age in a pediatric emergency department during the peak of an influenza epidemic. Pediatr Infect Dis J 22:S218–22

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ravaoarinoro M, Razafimihery J, Razanamparany M, Coulanges P (1986) Etiologie virale des infections respiratoires aiguës chez des enfants malgaches. Arch Inst Pasteur de Madagascar 52 (1):147–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Robertson SE, Roca A, Alonso P, et al (2004) Respiratory syncytial virus infection: denominator-based studies in Indonesia, Mozambique, Nigeria and South Africa. Bull World Health Organ 82 (12):914–922

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Biloglav Z, et al (2008) Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bull World Health Organ 86 (5):408–16

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Sutmöller F, Ferro ZP, Asensi MD, et al (1995). Etiology of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections Among Children in a Combined Community and Hospital Study in Rio de Janeiro. Clin Infect Dis 20 (4):854–60

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CHU pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, 01 BP 1198 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso, France

    S. O. Ouédraogo Yugbaré, R. Ouédraogo, A. Nenebi, B. Traoré, L. Congo, F. Yonli, D. Kima, P. Bonané, D. Yé & M. Gueudin

  2. CHU de Rouen, 1, rue de Germont, 76031, Rouen cedex, France

    J.-C. Plantier & C. Marguet

  3. CHU de Caen, avenue Georges Clémenceau, 14000, Caen, France

    A. Vabret

Authors
  1. S. O. Ouédraogo Yugbaré
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. R. Ouédraogo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Nenebi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. B. Traoré
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. L. Congo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. F. Yonli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. D. Kima
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. P. Bonané
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. D. Yé
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. J.-C. Plantier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. A. Vabret
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. C. Marguet
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. M. Gueudin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. O. Ouédraogo Yugbaré.

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ouédraogo Yugbaré, S.O., Ouédraogo, R., Nenebi, A. et al. Infections à virus respiratoire syncytial (VRS) au CHU pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 109, 20–25 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-016-0473-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-016-0473-6

Mots clés

Keywords

Search

Navigation