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The Quadruple/Quintuple Innovation Helixes and Smart Specialisation Strategies for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth in Europe and Beyond

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Abstract

Smart, sustainable and inclusive growth is the key goal of several EU initiatives, strategies and programmes in the short, medium and long term and at the regional, national and pan-European levels. In this paper, we attempt to explore, explain and enact the conceptual as well as practical linkages between theory, policy and practice related to the ingredients of such growth based on regional innovation smart specialisation strategies and viewed via the ‘multi-focal lens’ of the Quadruple and Quintuple Innovation Helixes (also Quadruple/Quintuple Helix) perspective.

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Notes

  1. http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/europe-2020-in-a-nutshell/priorities/economic-governance/index_en.htm

  2. http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/index_en.htm

  3. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy

  4. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/what/future/proposals_2014_2020_en.cfm

  5. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/informat/2014/smart_specialisation_en.pdf

  6. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/thefunds/regional/index_en.cfm

  7. Ex post evaluation of the ERDF 2000–2006, Work Package 11: Management and Implementation Systems, http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/expost2006/wp11_en.htm

  8. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/expost2006/urban_ii_en.htm

  9. EU15: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the UK

  10. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/what/future/proposals_2014_2020_en.cfm

  11. Ibid

  12. The area of ‘Financial and Economic system’ refers to financial and economic aspects of the effects of climate change. The following question arises (among other things): How should the two systems effectively change or adapt with-each-other in order to reduce or exclude crises in consequence of climate change?

  13. The area of ‘Environmental challenges’ has to do with causes and effects of climate change and which political and social measures should be taken to increase environmental conservation and sustainability.

  14. The area ‘feed and heal the world challenges’ emphasizes new and solution-oriented approaches under the aspect of knowledge and care in the course of climate change.

  15. The area of ‘energy challenges’ highlights new green technologies and renewable energy, which lead to sustainable development.

  16. The area ‘educational challenges’ is based on a better education as a key for empowerment, equality of chances and new knowledge for sustainability and development.

  17. The area ‘political democratic reform across the world’ promotes democracy as being a local and global key for sustainable development. Here, also the themes of democratization, freedom, equality, policy-making, gender and political culture are relevant.

  18. The area ‘transformative government across the world’ has to do with the political standing or rating of a nation-state. Examples here are the search for democracy, quality of democracy, types of political systems etc..

  19. The area ‘equity and security across the world’ refers to equity and security as being basic prerequisites to foster and support sustainable development.

  20. The area of ‘technology, innovation and entrepreneurship as drivers of knowledge societies’ emphasizes the fact that a sustainable development in knowledge societies can only be achieved when new knowledge is promoted and produced and when innovations (with a new entrepreneurship) are developed further (see here the idea and concept of the ‘Academic Firm’, Campbell and see also and furthermore Carayannis and Campbell 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011).

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. European Union Research Center and School of Business, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

    Elias G. Carayannis

  2. IPTS, DG JRC, European Commission, Seville, Spain

    Ruslan Rakhmatullin

Authors
  1. Elias G. Carayannis
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  2. Ruslan Rakhmatullin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elias G. Carayannis.

Appendix

Appendix

Good Practices Emerging from Theory and Practice

In this context, some key remaining challenges and opportunities for theory, policy and practice as well as foundations for establishing good practices from theory and practice are as follows:

  1. 1.

    Empirically based research on the ongoing S3 experiment

  2. 2.

    Theoretically or conceptually based analysis and discussion with relevance for S3

  3. 3.

    Empirical studies of Quadruple Helix processes or strategies which may be seen as relevant to the future development of S3.

Examples of good practices emerging from the experience of diverse regions and projects are outlined briefly below.

figure a

Other best practices may be found at:

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Carayannis, E.G., Rakhmatullin, R. The Quadruple/Quintuple Innovation Helixes and Smart Specialisation Strategies for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth in Europe and Beyond. J Knowl Econ 5, 212–239 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-014-0185-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-014-0185-8

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