Abstract
Gaofen-3 (GF-3), a Chinese civil synthetic aperture radar (SAR) at C-band, has operated since August 2016. Remarkably, several typhoons have been captured by GF-3 around the China Seas over its last two-year mission. In this study, six images acquired in Global Observation (GLO) and Wide ScanSAR (WSC) modes at vertical-vertical (VV) polarization channel are discussed. This work focuses on investigating the observation of rainfall using GF-3 SAR. These images were collocated with winds from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), significant wave height simulated from the WAVEWATCH-III (WW3) model, sea surface currents from climate forecast system version 2 (CFSv2) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and rain rate data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Sea surface roughness, was compared with the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) from SAR observations, and indicated a 0.8 correlation (COR). We analyzed the dependences of the difference between model-simulated NRCS and SAR-measured NRCS on the TRMM rain rate and WW3-simulated significant wave height. It was found that the effects of rain on SAR damps the radar signal at incidence angles ranging from 15° to 30°, while it enhances the radar signal at incidence angles ranging from 30° to 45° and incidence angles smaller than 10°. This behavior is consistent with previous studies and an algorithm for rain rate retrieval is anticipated for GF-3 SAR.
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Acknowledgements
We appreciate the provision by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) of the source code for the WAVE-WATCH-III (WW3) model supplied free of charge. Gaofen-3 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are collected through an authorized account issued by the National Ocean Satellite Application Center (NSOAS) via https://doi.org/dds.nsoas.org.cn. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data were accessed via https://doi.org/www.ecmwf.int. Current field from the NCEP climate forecast system version 2 (CFSv2) is collected via https://doi.org/cfs.ncep.noaa.gov. Rainfall data was collected from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite via https://doi.org/.trmmopen.gsfc.nasa.gov. Typhoon parameters were provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) via https://doi.org/www.jma.go.jp.
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Foundation item: The Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang Provincial Universities and Research Institutes under contract No. 2019J00010; the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No. 2017YFA0604901; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41806005, 41676014 and 41776183; the Public Welfare Technical Applied Research Project of Zhejiang Province of China under contract No. LGF19D060003; the Science and Technology Project of Zhoushan City under contract No. 2019C21008.
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Shi, J., Hu, J., Shao, W. et al. The impact of rain to observed signal from Chinese Gaofen-3 synthetic aperture radar in typhoons. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 38, 121–133 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-019-1502-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-019-1502-7