Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Oxidative damage and alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities in the kidneys of rat exposed to trichloroacetic acid: protective role of date palm fruit

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and protective properties of date fruit aqueous extract (DFAE) on trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-induced nephrotoxicity in rat. Oral administration of TCA as drinking water (0.5 and 2 g/L) daily for 2 months caused nephrotoxicity as evident by elevated levels of plasma creatinine, urea, and uric acid. Activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), was decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were increased along with histopathological injuries. The oral administration of DFAE (4 mL/kg/day) to TCA-treated groups proved some significant correction by increasing the antioxidant activity of the CAT and GPx enzymes and normalizing the SOD activity and the MDA level (p < 0.05). It also protected kidney's histology and normalized the functions of this organ. It could be concluded that DFAE has a protective role against TCA-induced oxidative stress in rat, thereby protecting the renal tissue from TCA-induced damage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Acharya S, Mehta K, Rodriguez S (1995) Administration of subtoxic doses of t-butyl alcohol and trichloroacetic acid male Wistar rats to study the interactive toxicity. Toxicol Lett 80:97–104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Acharya S, Mehta K, Rodriguez S, Pereira J, Krishnan S, Rao CV (1997) A histopathological study of liver and kidney in male Wistar rats treated with subtoxic doses of t-butyl alcohol and trichloroacetic acid. Exp Toxicol Pathol 49:369–373

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Aebi H (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol 105:121–126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. AL-Farsi M, Alasalva C, Morris A, Baron M, Shahidi F (2005) Comparison of antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and phenolics of three native fresh and sun-dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties growth in Oman. J Agric Food Chem 53:7592–7599

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ali A, Abdu S, Alansari S (2011) Renoprotective effect of date fruit extract on ochratoxin (A) induced-oxidative stress in distal tubules of rat: a light and electron microscopic study. Kidney Res J 1:13–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Al-Qarawi AA, Abdel-Rahman H, Mousa HM, Ali BH, El-Mougy SA (2008) Nephroprotective action of Phoenix dactylifera in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Pharm Biol 46:227–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Austin EW, Okita JR, Okita RT, Larson JL, Bull RJ (1995) Modification of lipoperoxidative effects of dichloroacetate and trichloroacetate is associated with peroxisome proliferation. Toxicol Res 97:59–69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Austin EW, Parrish JM, Kinder DH, Bull RJ (1996) Lipid peroxidation and formation of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine from acute doses of halogenated acetic acids. Fund Appl Toxicol 31:77–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Barber DA, Harris SR (1994) Oxygen free radicals and antioxidants. Am J Pharmacol l534:26–35

    Google Scholar 

  10. Beyer WE, Fridovich I (1987) Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in conditions. Anal Biochem 161:559–566

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantization of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein–dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier M, Berset C (1995) Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Food Sci Technol-Leb 28:25–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Buege AJ, Aust ST (1978) Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol 52:302–310

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Celik I (2007) Determination of toxicity of trichloroacetic acid in rats: 50 days drinking water study. Pestic Biochem Phys 89:39–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Celik I, Isik I (2008) Determination of chemopreventive role of Foeniculum vulgare and Salvia officinalis infusion on trichloroacetic acid-induced increased serum marker enzymes lipid peroxidation and antioxidative defense systems in rats. Nat Prod Res 22:66–75

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Celik I, Tuluce Y (2007) Elevation protective role of Camellia sinensis and Urtica dioica infusion against trichloroacetic acid-exposed in rats. Phytother Res 21:1039–1044

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Celik I, Temur A, Isik I (2009) Hepatoprotective role and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) flowers infusion against trichloroacetic acid-exposed in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 47:145–149

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Conklin KA (2000) Dietary antioxidants during cancer chemotherapy: impact on chemotherapeutic effectiveness and development of side effects. Nut Cancer 37:1–18

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Culloch AMC (2002) Trichloroacetic acid in the environment. Chemosphere 47:667–686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Duncan BD (1957) Multiple ranges tests for correlated and heteroscedastic means. Biometrics 13:359–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Deneke SM, Fanburg BL (1989) Regulation of cellular glutathione. Am J Physiol 257:L163–L173

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Doha MA, Al-Okbi SY (2004) In vivo evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of date fruits in adjuvant arthritis. Pol J Food Nutr Sci 13:397–402

    Google Scholar 

  23. Eid NMS, Al-Awadi B, Vauzour D, Oruna-Concha MJ, Spencer JPE (2013) Effect of cultivar type and ripening on the polyphenol content of date palm fruit. J Agric Food Chem 61:2453–2460

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. EL Arem A, Saafi EB, Mechri B, Lahouar L, Issaoui M, Hammami M, Achour L (2012) Effects of the ripening stage on phenolic profile, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of date palm fruit. J Agric Food Chem 60:10896–10902

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Fang YZ, Yang S, Wu G (2002) Free radicals, antioxidant and nutrition. Nut 18:872–879

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Flohe L, Gunzler WA (1984) Assays of glutathione peroxidase. Methods Enzymol 105:114–121

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Freeman BA, Crapo JD (1981) Hyperoxia increases oxygen radical production in rat lung and lung mitochondria. J Biol Chem 256:10986–10992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Halliwell B (1996) Oxidative stress, nutrition and health. Experimental strategies for optimization of nutritional antioxidant intake in humans. Free Radic Res 25:57–74

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kang DH, Nakagawa T, Feng L, Watanabe S, Han L, Mazzali M, Truong L, Harris R, Johnson RJ (2002) A role for uric acid in the progression of renal disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 13:2888–2897

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kawada N, Seki S, Inoue M, Kuroki T (1998) Effect of antioxidants, resveratrol, quercetin, and N-acetylcysteine, on the functions of cultured rat hepatic stellate cell sand Kupffer cells. Hepatol 27:1265–1274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Larson JL, Bull RJ (1992) Metabolism and lipoperoxidative activity of trichloroacetate and dichloroacetate in rats and mice. Toxicol Appl Pharm 115:268–277

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Liu SC, Lin JT, Wang CK, Chen HY, Yang DJ (2009) Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts from lychee (Litchi chinenesis Sonn.) flowers. Food Chem 114:577–581

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Lynch, RM (1974) Technique de laboratoire médicale et pathologie Clinique 2ième édition. Tome 2-130, chapitre XLIP. 1155.

  34. Manda K, Bhatia AL (2003) Role of beta carotene against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Nutr Res 23:1097–1103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Mather GG, Exon JH, Koller LD (1990) Subchronic 90-day toxicity of dichloroacetic and trichloroacetic acid in rats. Toxicol Res 64:71–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Michael J, Sircar S (2010) Chronic renal failure. In: Michael J (ed) Fundamentals of medical physiology, 1st edn. Thieme Medical, New York, p 633

    Google Scholar 

  37. Mitchell JR, Jollow DJ, Potter WZ, Gillette JR, Brodie BB (1973) Acetaminophen induced hepatic necrosis. IV. Protective role of glutathione. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 187:211–215

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Nezelof C, Golle H (1972) Technique microscopique. Flammarison, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  39. Nitha B, Janardhanan KK (2008) Aqueous-ethanolic extract of morel mushroom mycelium Morchella esculenta, protects cisplatin and gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 46:3193–3199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Onuh SN, Ukaejiofo EO, Achukwu PU, Ufelle SA, Okwuosa CN, Chukwuka CJ (2012) Haemopoietic activity and effect of crude fruit extract of Phoenix dactylifera on peripheral blood parameters. Int J Biol Med Res 32:1720–1723

    Google Scholar 

  41. Pandey KB, Rizvi SI (2009) Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2(5):270–278

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Pereira MA, Kramer PM, Conran PB, Tao L (2001) Effect of chloroform on dichloroacetic acid and trichloroacetic acid-induced hypomethylation and expression of the c-myc gene and on their promotion of liver and kidney tumors in mice. Carcinog 22:1511–1519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Prasad AS, Bao B, Beck FWJ, Kuck O, Sarkar FH (2004) Antioxidant effect of zinc in humans. Free Rad Biol Med 37:1182–1190

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Prakasam A, Sethupathy S, Lalitha S (2001) Plasma and RBCs antioxidant status in occupational male pesticide sprayers. Clin Chim Acta 310:107–112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Puri HS (2003) Rasayana: ayurvedic herbs for longevity and rejuvenation. J Altern Complement Med 9:331–332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Ragab AR, Elkablawy MA, Sheik BY, Baraka HN (2013) Antioxidant and tissue-protective studies on Ajwa extract: dates from al Madinah Al-Monwarah, Saudia Arabia. J Environ Anal Toxicol 3:163. doi:10.4172/2161-0525.1000163

    Google Scholar 

  47. Roussel AM, Ferry M (2002) Oxidative stress, nutrition and aging. Nut Clin Metabol 16:285–291

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Rovin BH, Phan LT (1998) Chemotactic factors and renal inflammation. Am J Kidney Dis 31:1065–1084

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Saafi-Ben Salah EB, EL Arem A, Louedi M, Saoudi M, El feki AF, Zakhama A, Najjar MF, Hammami M, Achour L (2012) Antioxidant-rich date palm fruit extract inhibits oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by dimethoate in rat. J Physiol Biochem 68:47–58

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Saafi EB, Louedi M, El Feki AF, Zakhama AF, Najjard MF, Hammami M, Achour L (2011) Protective effect of date palm fruit extract (Phoenix dactylifera L.) on dimethoate induced-oxidative stress in rat liver. ExpToxicol Pathol 63:433–441

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Salvi A, Carrupt P, Tillement J, Testa B (2001) Structural damage to proteins caused by free radicals: assessment, protection by antioxidants, and influence of protein binding. Biochem Pharmacol 61:1237–1242

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Sandhar HK, Kumar B, Prasher S, Tiwari P, Salhan M, Sharma P (2011) A review of phytochemistry and pharmacology of flavonoids. Int Pharma Sci 1: 25-41

    Google Scholar 

  53. Sedlak J, Lindsay RH (1968) Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent. Anal Biochem 25:192–205

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Singer PC, Obelensky A, Griner A (1995) DBPs in chlorinated North Carolina drinking waters. J Am Water Works Assoc 87:83–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Srinivasan R, Chandrasekar MJN, Nanjan MJ, Suresh B (2007) Antioxidant activity of Caesalpinia digyna root. J Ethnopharmacol 113:284–291

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Tahraoui A, El-Hilaly J, Israili ZH, Lyoussi B (2007) Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used in the traditional treatment of hypertension and diabetes in southeastern Morocco (Errachidia province). J Ethnopharmacol 110:105–117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Vayalil PK (2002) Antioxidant and antimutagenic properties of aqueous extract of date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae). J Agric Food Chem 50:610–617

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Vayalil PK (2012) Date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera Linn): an emerging medicinal food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 52:249–271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Waliszevski SM, Sedus VTP, Waliszevski KN (1996) Detection of some organochlorine pesticides in cow's milk. Food Addit Contam 13:231–235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. Weyers A, Ugnia LI, Ovando HG, Gorla NB (2008) Antioxidant capacity of vitamin C in mouse liver and kidney tissues. Biocell 32:27–31

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Zaid A (1999) Date palm cultivation. Plant Production and Protection Paper. Rome: United Nations FAO

  62. Zangiabadi N, Asadi-Shekaari M, Sheibani V, Jafari M, Shabani M, Asadi AR, Tajadini H, Jarahi M (2011) Date fruit extract is a neuroprotective agent in diabetic peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a multimodal analysis. Oxid Med Cell Longev doi:10.1155/2011/976948

  63. Zhang CR, Aldosari SA, Vidyasagar PSPV, Nair KM, Nair MG (2013) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory assays confirm bioactive compounds in Ajwa date fruit. J Agric Food Chem 61:5834–5840

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Zohra Haouas for their help in the histopathological section.

Conflict of interest

On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Unit “Genome, Immune Diagnosis and Recovery”, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Hadded, BP 74, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia

    Amira El Arem, Mouna Zekri, Amira Thouri, Emna Behija Saafi, Amel Ayed & Lotfi Achour

  2. Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Sousse, University of Monastir, Avenue Mohamed Karoui, 99/UR/08-45, 4002, Sousse, Tunisia

    Fatma Ghrairi

  3. Service of Pathological Anatomy CHU F Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia

    Abdelfattah Zakhama

Authors
  1. Amira El Arem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mouna Zekri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Amira Thouri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Emna Behija Saafi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Fatma Ghrairi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Amel Ayed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Abdelfattah Zakhama
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Lotfi Achour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Amira El Arem or Lotfi Achour.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

El Arem, A., Zekri, M., Thouri, A. et al. Oxidative damage and alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities in the kidneys of rat exposed to trichloroacetic acid: protective role of date palm fruit. J Physiol Biochem 70, 297–309 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-013-0302-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-013-0302-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation