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Nephroprotective action of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)

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Abstract

Sirtuins, silent information regulator 2 (Sir 2) proteins, belong to the family of NAD+-dependent enzymes with deacetylase or mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. These enzymes are responsible for processes of DNA repair or recombination, chromosomal stability and gene transcription. In mammals, sirtuins occur in seven varieties, from 1 to 7 (SIRT1–SIRT7), differing among themselves with location. SIRT1, the best known variety, exerts its effects on proteins via NAD+ coenzymes, being thus associated with cellular energetic metabolism and the ‘red–ox’ state. Its deficits are, among others, concomitant with stressful situations and associated with pathophysiologies of many medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative syndromes and kidney diseases. In kidney disorders, it promotes (stimulates) the survival of cells in an affected kidney by modulating their responses to various stress stimuli, takes part in arterial blood pressure control, protects against cellular apoptosis in renal tubules by catalase induction and triggers autophagy. More and more available in vitro and in vivo data indicate SIRT1 activity to be oriented, among others, towards nephroprotection. Thus, SIRT1 may become a novel element in the therapy of age-related renal diseases, including diabetic nephropathy.

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Abbreviations

ACE:

Angiotensin-converting-enzyme

Atg5:

Autophagy protein 5

Atg7:

Autophagy protein 7

ATP:

Adenosine-5'-triphosphate

COX2 :

Cyclooxygenase-II enzyme

CR:

Caloric restriction

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Dot1:

Disruptor of telomeric silencing-1

ENaC:

Epithelial sodium channel

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases

FOXO3 :

Forkhead box O3

FXR:

farnesoid X receptor

HIF-2a:

hypoxia-inducible factor

Ku70:

Protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XRCC6 gene

LC3:

protein light chain 3

LXR:

liver X receptor

Lys310:

lysine 310

NAD+ :

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NAM:

Generating nicotinamide

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa B

NO:

Nitrogen oxide

PGE2 :

prostaglandin E2

AT1R:

angiotensin II receptor, type 1

SIRT:

Silent information regulator

Smad3:

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3

SREBP:

sterol regulatory element binding proteins

TGF-β1:

Transforming growth factor beta

UCP2:

uncoupling protein 2

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

    Dorota Polak-Jonkisz

  2. Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego Str. 1, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland

    Krystyna Laszki-Szcząchor, Witold Pilecki, Henryk Filipowski & Małgorzata Sobieszczańska

  3. Clinical Centre of Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

    Leopold Rehan

Authors
  1. Dorota Polak-Jonkisz
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  2. Krystyna Laszki-Szcząchor
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  3. Leopold Rehan
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  4. Witold Pilecki
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  5. Henryk Filipowski
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  6. Małgorzata Sobieszczańska
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Correspondence to Małgorzata Sobieszczańska.

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Polak-Jonkisz, D., Laszki-Szcząchor, K., Rehan, L. et al. Nephroprotective action of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). J Physiol Biochem 69, 957–961 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-013-0268-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-013-0268-1

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