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Impact of Comorbidities on Acute Injury and Recovery in Preclinical Stroke Research: Focus on Hypertension and Diabetes

  • SI: Challenges and Controversies in Translational Stroke Research
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Abstract

Human ischemic stroke is very complex, and no single preclinical model can comprise all the variables known to contribute to stroke injury and recovery. Hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia are leading comorbidities in stroke patients. The use of predominantly young adult and healthy animals in experimental stroke research has created a barrier for translation of findings to patients. As such, more and more disease models are being incorporated into the research design. This review highlights the major strengths and weaknesses of the most commonly used animal models of these conditions in preclinical stroke research. The goal is to provide guidance in choosing, reporting, and executing appropriate disease models that will be subjected to different models of stroke injury.

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Abbreviations

ApoE:

Apolipoprotein E

BBB:

Blood-brain barrier

BP:

Blood pressure

GLUT2:

Glucose transporter 2

GRASP:

Glucose Regulation in Acute Stroke Patients Trial

HFD:

High-fat diet

HT:

Hemorrhagic transformation

HTN:

Hypertension

ICAM 1:

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1

INWEST:

Intravenous Nimodipine West European Stroke Trial

L-NAME:

L-NG-Nitroarginine methyl ester

MCAO:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion

OLETF:

Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty rats

RHRSP:

Stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats

SCAST:

Scandinavian Candesartan Acute Stroke Trial

SD:

Sprague-Dawley

SHR:

Spontaneous hypertensive rats

SHRSP:

Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

STZ:

Streptozotocin

THIS:

Treatment of Hyperglycemia in Ischemic Stroke Trial

tPA:

Tissue plasminogen activator

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

WKY:

Wistar-Kyoto

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Acknowledgments

Adviye Ergul is a Research Career Scientist at the Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Augusta, Georgia. This work was supported in part by VA Merit Award (BX000347), VA Research Career Scientists Award, and NIH (R01NS083559) to Adviye Ergul; VA Merit Award (BX000891) and NIH award (NS063965) to Susan C. Fagan.

The contents do not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the US Government.

Conflict of Interest

Adviye Ergul declares that she has no conflict of interest.

Sherif Hafez declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Abdelrahman Fouda declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Susan C. Fagan declares that she has no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Charlie Norwood Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Adviye Ergul, Sherif Hafez, Abdelrahman Fouda & Susan C. Fagan

  2. Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA

    Adviye Ergul, Sherif Hafez, Abdelrahman Fouda & Susan C. Fagan

  3. Department of Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA

    Susan C. Fagan

  4. Department of Physiology, Augusta University, CA2094, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA

    Adviye Ergul & Sherif Hafez

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  1. Adviye Ergul
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  2. Sherif Hafez
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Correspondence to Adviye Ergul.

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Ergul, A., Hafez, S., Fouda, A. et al. Impact of Comorbidities on Acute Injury and Recovery in Preclinical Stroke Research: Focus on Hypertension and Diabetes. Transl. Stroke Res. 7, 248–260 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-016-0464-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-016-0464-8

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