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Re-exploring Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha as a Target for Therapy in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

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Abstract

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a perplexing condition with high mortality and no treatment beyond supportive care. A major portion of the injurious process is takes place during the hours following the development of hematoma. This so-called secondary injury is characterized by an inflammatory cascade that involves a variety of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Several studies in the rodent model of ICH have shown a rapid increase in brain concentrations of TNF-α following hematoma induction. There is a reasonable body of evidence from experimental models of ICH suggesting that upregulation of TNF-α adjacent to the hematoma is associated with increased peri-hematomal edema, and that inhibition of TNF-α attenuates the formation and progression of this edema and ultimately improves outcomes. Unfortunately, efforts to expand upon these findings have interminably stalled at the pre-clinical phase. A robust clinical study to validate serum TNF-α as a marker for secondary injury in ICH patients is yet to materialize.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 8300 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, MC 7883, USA

    Réza Behrouz

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  1. Réza Behrouz
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Correspondence to Réza Behrouz.

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Dr. Behrouz (author) has received educational grant from Genentech Inc.

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent was not necessary for this article.

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The author has nothing to disclose.

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Behrouz, R. Re-exploring Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha as a Target for Therapy in Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Transl. Stroke Res. 7, 93–96 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-016-0446-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-016-0446-x

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