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Sodium MRI and the Assessment of Irreversible Tissue Damage During Hyper-Acute Stroke

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Abstract

Sodium MRI (sMRI) has undergone a tremendous amount of technical development during the last two decades that makes it a suitable tool for the study of human pathology in the acute setting within the constraints of a clinical environment. The salient role of the sodium ion during impaired ATP production during the course of brain ischemia makes sMRI an ideal tool for the study of ischemic tissue viability during stroke. In this paper, the current limitations of conventional MRI for the determination of tissue viability during evolving brain ischemia are discussed. This discussion is followed by a summary of the known findings about the dynamics of tissue sodium changes during brain ischemia. A mechanistic model for the explanation of these findings is presented together with the technical requirements for its investigation using clinical MRI scanners. An illustration of the salient features of the technique is also presented using a nonhuman primate model of reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion.

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Acknowledgments

This research study was supported in part by PHS grant R01 NS44818.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Fernando E. Boada, Yongxian Qian, Jonathan Weimer & Vincent Lee

  2. Department of Neurosurgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Edwin Nemoto

  3. Department of Neurology, Stroke Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Tudor Jovin

  4. Department of Radiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Charles Jungreis

  5. Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    S. C. Jones

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  1. Fernando E. Boada
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  2. Yongxian Qian
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  3. Edwin Nemoto
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Correspondence to Fernando E. Boada.

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Boada, F.E., Qian, Y., Nemoto, E. et al. Sodium MRI and the Assessment of Irreversible Tissue Damage During Hyper-Acute Stroke. Transl. Stroke Res. 3, 236–245 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12975-012-0168-7

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