Abstract
We developed eleven microsatellite loci for the turtleheaded sea snake, Emydocephalus annulatus, from partial genomic DNA libraries using a repeat enrichment protocol. Nine loci had high numbers of alleles (11–32) per locus, while the other two loci had six alleles each. All eleven loci amplified successfully and were polymorphic in six of seven sea snake species from the sister genus Aipysurus, while ten loci amplified successfully for the seventh species. Based on these highly successful cross-amplifications we expect these loci to be useful markers for evaluating population genetic structure, gene flow, relatedness and effective population sizes for all Aipysurus group sea snakes.
References
Guinea ML (2007) Sea snakes of Ashmore Reef, Hibernia Reef and Cartier Island with comments on Scott Reef. DEWHA Final Rep Surv 2007:1–20
Guo SW, Thompson EA (1992) Performing the exact test of Hardy–Weinberg proportion for multiple alleles. Biometrics 48:361–372
Hamilton MB, Pincus EL, Di Fiore A, Flescher RC (1999) Universal linker and ligation procedures for construction of genomic DNA libraries enriched for microsatellites. BioTechniques 27:500–507
Hauswaldt JS, Glenn TC (2003) Microsatellite DNA loci from the diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin). Mol Ecol Notes 3:174–176
IUCN (2010) IUCN ;. Version 2010.4. www.iucnredlist.org
Lukoschek V, Avise JC (2011) Development of ten polymorphic microsatellite loci for the sea snake Hydrophis elegans (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) and cross-species amplification for fifteen marine hydrophiine species. Cons Gen Res. doi:10.1007/s12686-011-9388-5
Lukoschek V, Keogh JS (2006) Molecular phylogeny of sea snakes reveals a rapidly diverged adaptive radiation. Biol J Linn Soc 89:523–539
Lukoschek V, Waycott M, Dunshea G (2005) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the Australasian sea snake, Aipysurus laevis. Mol Ecol Notes 5:875–881
Lukoschek V, Waycott M, Keogh JS (2008) Relative information content of polymorphic microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA for inferring dispersal and population genetic structure in the olive sea snake, Aipysurus laevis. Mol Ecol 17:3062–3077
Peakall R, Smouse PE (2006) GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol Ecol Notes 6:288–295
Raymond M, Rousset F (1995) GENEPOP (version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J Hered 86:248–249
Rousset F (2008) Genepop’007: a complete reimplementation of the Genepop software for Windows and Linux. Mol Ecol Resour 8:103–106
van Oosterhout C, Hutchinson WF, Wills D, Shipley P (2004) MICRO-CHECKER: software for identifying and correcting genotyping errors in microsatellite data. Mol Ecol Notes 4:535–538
Voris HK (1977) A phylogeny of the sea snakes (Hydrophiidae). Fieldiana: Zool 70:79–166
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation, UC Irvine and the ARC CoECRS. We thank Rick Shine for E. annulatus samples from New Caledonia, and Andrei Tatarenkov for helpful tips about microsatellite development.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lukoschek, V., Avise, J.C. Development of eleven polymorphic microsatellite loci for the sea snake Emydocephalus annulatus (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) and cross-species amplification for seven species in the sister genus Aipysurus . Conservation Genet Resour 4, 11–14 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9461-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-011-9461-0