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Telemedicine to support end of life in severe chronic respiratory failure patients at home

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Journal of Medicine and the Person

Abstract

Tele hospice has been demonstrated useful and cost saving for palliative care. The aim of the present study was to analyze the feasibility of impact of a telemedicine (TM) programme on severe chronic respiratory failure (CRF) patients discharged to home, their family and the healthcare team (HCT) in the terminal phase of life. TM consisted of scheduled phone calls, pulse-oximetry recording, 24h call centre, and specialised nurse and physician second opinion. 21 patients out of 118 died after 6±3.4 months of follow up. Compared to the 97 surviving subjects, the deceased patients presented a higher number of hospitalisations/month (0.36±0.33 vs. 0.09±0.14 p<0.005), ER visits/month (0.31±0.40 vs. 0.02±0.04 p<0.005), exacerbations/month (0.39±0.42 vs. 0.11±018 p<0.003) and urgent calls/month to the GP (0.22±0.34 vs. 0.19±0.05 p<0.02). The TM team was involved in counselling on hospital admissions, discussions and decisions reached in consensus, all care options to avoid a nihilistic position or aggressive and disproportional care choices, GP or home nurse consultations, sedative or morphine prescription, resolving problems with ventilators, the prescription of oxygen saturation monitoring, patient education regarding the severity of the illness, coordination with home nursing services and psychological and spiritual help. A nurse-centred TM programme for terminal patients may: (1) improve communication between hospital staff and the patients’ relatives; (2) optimise the management of pain and respiratory symptoms; (3) improve health care assistance; and (4) rationalise hospitalisations and the health care needs.

Riassunto

Esperienze di “Tele-hospice” si sono dimostrate utili clinicamente e in grado di salvaguardare risorse nel campo delle cure palliative. Scopo del presente studio è stato quello di analizzare la fattibilità dell’impatto di un programma di Telemedicina (TM) durante la fase terminale della malattia su pazienti affetti da severa insufficienza respiratoria cronica (IRC) dimessi a casa, sulla loro famiglia e sul personale sanitario ospedaliero coinvolto. Il programma di TM era caratterizzato da rigide telefonate programmate, dalla disponibilità di un pulso-ossimetro, di un call center attivo 24 ore al giorno, di una consulenza infermieristica specializzata e medica. Ventuno pazienti tra 118, morirono dopo 6±3.4 mesi di follow-up. I pazienti deceduti, se confrontati con i 97 sopravvissuti, hanno presentato un più alto numero di ospedalizzazioni/mese (0.36±0.33 vs 0.09±0.14 p<0.005), di accessi in PS/mese (0.31±0.40 vs 0.02±0.04 p<0.005), di riacutizzazioni/mese (0.39±0.42 vs 0.11±018 p<0.003) e di chiamate urgenti/mese al MMG (0.22±0.34 vs 0.19±0.05 p<0.02). Lo staff della TM è stato coinvolto nella condivisione di un “counseling” in merito alla necessità di ospedalizzazioni, su decisioni discusse e condivise, sulla presentazione di tutte le opzioni assistenziali evitando posizioni nichiliste o troppo aggressive e sproporzionate, al consulto con il MMG o con l’IP del territorio, alla prescrizione di sedativi o di morfina, alla soluzione di problemi tecnici legati al ventilatore meccanico in uso, alla prescrizione di ossigeno terapia, al rinforzo in merito alla gravità della prognosi, al coordinamento con l’IP territoriale e ad un aiuto psicologico e spirituale. Un programma di TM centrato sulla figura dell’ IP dedicato a pazienti terminali può: (1) migliorare la comunicazione tra lo staff ospedaliero e paziente/famiglia; (2) ottimizzare il trattamento del dolore e dei sintomi respiratori; (3) migliorare la qualità della assistenza; e (4) razionalizzare le ospedalizazzioni e tutte le necessità assistenziali.

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Vitacca, M., Assoni, G., Gilè, S. et al. Telemedicine to support end of life in severe chronic respiratory failure patients at home. J Med Pers 7, 85–90 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12682-009-0013-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12682-009-0013-2

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