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A Trauma-Adapted Mindfulness and Loving-Kindness Intervention for Patients with PTSD After Interpersonal Violence: a Multiple-Baseline Study

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate a trauma-adapted intervention for survivors of interpersonal violence that combines psychoeducation and specific mindfulness-based exercises developed for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with formal practices from mindfulness-based stress reduction and loving-kindness meditation. Fourteen patients with PTSD after interpersonal violence participated in eight treatment sessions. The intervention was evaluated in a nonconcurrent multiple-baseline across-individuals design. From baseline (2, 3, and 4 weeks, randomly assigned) until 8 weeks after the intervention, self-reported PTSD symptoms and well-being were measured on a weekly basis. The intervention was further assessed through self-ratings and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5) administered prior to treatment, immediately after treatment and at a 6-week follow-up. Tau-U analyses showed for the majority of the 12 completers a significant reduction of PTSD symptoms and a significant increase in well-being. Furthermore, we found large effects on PTSD symptoms as measured by the CAPS-5 (Hedges’ g = 1.66), as well as on depression (Hedges’ g = 1.08) and psychological distress (Hedges’ g = 0.85), complemented by relevant increases in mindfulness skills and self-compassion. This study contributes evidence that mindfulness and loving-kindness are useful for reducing PTSD in victims of interpersonal violence, especially when the intervention is tailored to the specific needs of these patients.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by a grant from Angelika Küspert - Acclivio GmbH. We thank Angelika Küspert, Pia Bornefeld-Ettman, Marie Cloos, Clara Dittmann, Jana Gutermann, Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, Maria van Recum, and Vera Özak for their cooperation and help.

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  1. Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt Main, Institute of Psychology, Varrentrappstr. 40-42, 60486, Frankfurt/Main, Germany

    Meike Müller-Engelmann, Corinna Schreiber, Stella Kümmerle, Ulrich Stangier & Regina Steil

  2. Department of Social Work, Health and Nursing, University of Applied Sciences, Esslingen, Flandernstraße 101, D-73732, Esslingen, Germany

    Thomas Heidenreich & Ulrich Stangier

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  1. Meike Müller-Engelmann
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Correspondence to Meike Müller-Engelmann.

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Müller-Engelmann, M., Schreiber, C., Kümmerle, S. et al. A Trauma-Adapted Mindfulness and Loving-Kindness Intervention for Patients with PTSD After Interpersonal Violence: a Multiple-Baseline Study. Mindfulness 10, 1105–1123 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1068-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1068-z

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