Abstract
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is an alternative to the conventional synthesis procedures which includes physical and chemical methods mostly requiring toxic chemicals, energy, high temperature, and pressure. This study involves biosynthesis of AgNPs using mangroves, a salt-tolerant tidal vegetation with very unique morphology and unusual physiological processes. Our study reports the first ever use of three mangrove plants from Indian Sundarban for bioreduction, namely Avicennia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris, and Sonneratia apetela. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscope, particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and atomic force microscope. Antimicrobial activities of these AgNPs were assessed against Escherichia coli, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Tricophyton rubrum, and Aspergillus flavus. Biosynthesized AgNPs showed absorption maxima between 419 and 448 nm which corresponds to their respective surface plasmon resonance. Previous biosynthesis of AgNPs using mangrove plants have reported 60–110 nm average particle size, whereas in our study, S. caseolaris was the most potent bioreductant which synthesized AgNPs with average diameter (D90%) of 18.3 nm. The particles exhibited considerable antimicrobial activities against all six microorganisms. AgNPs synthesized by S. caseolaris using 5 ppm AgNO3 showed the most significant activity with maximum zone of inhibition (13.5 ± 0.8 mm) against E. coli.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ramteke, C., Chakraborty, T., Sarangi, B. K., Pandey, R. A. (2013). Journal Chemical. doi:10.1155/2013/278925.
Gnanadesigan, M., Anand, M., Ravikumar, S., Maruthupandy, M., Ali, M. S., Vijayakumar, V., et al. (2012). Antibacterial potential of biosynthesised silver nanoparticles using Avicennia marina mangrove plant. Applied Nanoscience, 2, 143–147.
Vigneshwaran, N. (2006). A novel one-pot ‘green’ synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles using soluble starch. Carbohydrate Research, 341, 2012–2018.
Iravani, S. (2011). Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Green Chemistry, 13, 2638–2650.
Mani, U., Dhanasingh, S., Arunachalam, R., Paul, E., Shanmugam, P., Rose, C., et al. (2013). A simple and green method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ricinus communis leaf extract. Progress in Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials, 2, 21–25.
Govindaraju, K., Tamilselvan, S., Kiruthiga, V., Singaravelu, G. J. (2010). Biogenic silver nanoparticles by Solanum torvum and their promising antimicrobial activity. Biopesticides, 3, 394–399.
Roy, N., & Barik, A. (2000). Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the unexploited weed resources. International Journal of Nanotechnology and Applications, 4, 95–101.
Parashar, U. K., Saxenaa, P. S., Srivastava, A. (2009). Bioinspired synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Digest Journal of Nanomatter and Biostructures, 4, 159–166.
Annavaram, V., Posa, V. R., Uppara, V. G., Jorepalli, S., Somala, A. R. (2015). Facile green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Limonia acidissima leaf extract and its antibacterial activity. Bionanoscience. doi:10.1007/s12668-015-0168-7.
Kulkarni, A. P., Srivastava, A. A., Harpale, P. M., Zunjarrao, R. S. (2011). Plant mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles—tapping the unexploited sources. Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resources, 1, 100–107.
Shankar, S. S., Rai, A., Ahmad, A., Sastry, M. (2004). Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag, and bimetallic Au core–Ag shell nanoparticles using Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf broth. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 27, 496–502.
Nabikhan, A., Kandasamy, K., Raj, A., Alikunhi, N. M. (2010). Synthesis of antimicrobial silver nanoparticles by callus and leaf extracts from saltmarsh plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum, L. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 79, 488–493.
Song, J. Y., Eun-Yeong, K., Kim, B. S. (2010). Biological synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using Diospyros kaki leaf extract. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 33, 159–164.
Ponarulselvam, S., Panneerselvam, C., Murugan, K., Aarthi, N., Kalimuthu, K., Thangamani, S. (2012). Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaves of Catharanthus roseus Linn. G. Don and their antiplasmodial activities. Asian Pacific Journal Tropical Biomedicine, 2, 574–580.
Sathishkumar, M., Sneha, K., Yun, Y. S. (2010). Immobilization of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Curcuma longa tuber powder and extract on cotton cloth for bactericidal activity. Bioresource Technology, 101, 7958–7965.
Kumar, T. S., Rahuman, A., Rajakumar, G., Marimuthu, S., Bagavan, A., Jayaseelan, C., et al. (2011). Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Nelumbo nucifera leaf extract and its larvicidal activity against malaria and filariasis vectors. Parasitology Research, 108, 693–702.
Bar, H., Bhui, D. K., Sahoo, G. P., Sarkar, P., De, S. P., Misra, A. (2009). A. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using latex of Jatropha curcas. Colloids and Surfaces A, 339, 134–139.
Park, Y., Hong, Y. N., Weyers, A., Kim, Y. S., Linhardt, R. J. (2011). Polysaccharides and phytochemicals: a natural reservoir for the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles. IET Nanobiotechnology, 5, 69–78.
Metuku, R. P., Pabba, S., Burra, S., SVSSSL Hima Bindu, N., Gudikandula, K., Singara Charya, M. A. (2014) Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Schizophyllum radiatum HE 863742.1: their characterization and antimicrobial activity. 3 Biotech, 4, 227–234.
Nanda, A., & Saravanan, M. (2009). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from Staphylococcus aureus and its antimicrobial activity against MRSA and MRSE. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, 5, 452–456.
Pourali, P., Baserisalehi, M., Afsharnezhad, S., Behravan, J., Ganjali, R., Bahador, N., et al. (2013). The effect of temperature on antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Biometals, 26, 189–196.
Kathiresan, K., Manivannan, S., Nabeel, M. A., Dhivya, B. (2009). Studies on silver nanoparticles synthesized by a marine fungus, Penicillium fellutanum isolated from coastal mangrove sediment. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 71, 133–137.
Balaji, S. D., Basavaraja, S., Deshpande, R., Mahesh, B. D., Prabhakar, K. B., Venkataraman, A. (2009). Extracellular biosynthesis of functionalized silver nanoparticles by strains of Cladosporium cladosporioides fungus. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 68, 88–92.
Subramanian, M., Alikunhi, N. M., Kathiresan, K. (2010). In vitro synthesis of silver nanoparticles by marine yeasts from coastal mangrove sediment. Advanced Science Letters, 3, 428–433.
Ahmad, A., Mukherjee, P., Senapati, S., Mandal, D., Khan, M. I., Kumar, R., et al. (2003). Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 27, 313–318.
Bandaranayake, W. M. (2002). Bioactivities, bioactive compounds and chemical constituents of mangrove plants. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 10, 421–452.
Gnanadesigan, M., Anand, M., Ravikumar, S., Maruthupandy, M., Vijayakumar, V., Selvam, S., et al. (2011). Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by using mangrove plant extract and their potential mosquito larvicidal property. Asian Pacific Journal Tropical Medicine, 4, 799–803.
Singh, M., Kumar, M., Kalaivani, R., Manikandan, S., Kumaraguru, A. K. (2013). Metallic silver nanoparticle: a therapeutic agent in combination with antifungal drug against human fungal pathogen. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 36, 407–415.
Gopal, B., & Chauhan, M. (2006). Biodiversity and its conservation in the Sundarban Mangrove Ecosystem. Aquatic Sciences, 68, 338–354.
Bakshi, M., & Chaudhuri, P. (2014). Antimicrobial potential of leaf extracts of ten mangrove species from Indian Sundarban. International Journal Pharmaceutics Biology Science, 5, 294–304.
Ahmad, M. B., Shameli, K., Darroudi, M., Yunus, W. M. Z. W., Ibrahim, N. A., Hamid, A. A., et al. (2009). Antibacterial activity of silver/clay/chitosan bionanocomposites. Research Journal Biological Sciences, 4, 1156–1161.
Abou El-Nour, K. M. M., Eftaiha, A., Al-Warthan, A., Ammar, R. A. A. (2010). Synthesis and applications of silver nanoparticles. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 3, 135–140.
Chamakura, K., Perez-Ballestero, R., Luo, Z. P., Bashir, S., Liu, J. (2011). Comparison of bactericidal activities of silver nanoparticles with common chemical disinfectants. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 84, 88–96.
Magana, S. M., Quintana, P., Aguilar, D. H., Toledo, J. A., Angeles-Chavez, C., Cortes, M. A., et al. (2008). Antibacterial activity of montmorillonites modified with silver. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 281, 192–199.
Nithya, R., & Ragunathan, R. (2009). Synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Pleurotus sajor caju and its antimicrobial study. Digest Journal of Nanomater and Biostructures, 4, 623–629.
Lara, H. H., Nuñez, N. V. A., Turrent, L. I., Rodriguez-Padilla, C. (2010) Mode of antiviral action of silver nanoparticles against HIV-1. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 8, 1–10.
Banerjee, L. K, Sastry, A. R. K, & Nayar, M. P. (1989) Mangroves in India: identification manual. Calcutta: Botanical Survey of India.
Anil Kumar, S., Abyaneh, M. K., Gosavi Sulabha, S. W., Ahmad, A., Khan, M. I. (2007). Nitrate reductase mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles from AgNO3. Biotechnology Letters, 29, 439–445.
Kalimuthu, K., Babu, R. S., Venkataraman, D., Mohd, B., Gurunathan, S. (2008). Biosynthesis of silver nanocrystals by Bacillus licheniformis. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 65, 150–153.
Mulvaney, P. (1996). Surface plasmon spectroscopy of nanosized metal particles. Langmuir, 12, 788–800.
Brause, R., Moeltgen, H., Kleinermanns, K. (2002). Characterization of laser-ablated and chemically reduced silver colloids in aqueous solution by UV–vis spectroscopy and STM/SEM microscopy. Applied Physics B, 75, 711–716.
Zargar, M., Hamid, A. A., Bakar, F. A., Shamsudin, M. N., Shameli, K., Jahanshiri, F., et al. (2011). Green synthesis and antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles using Vitex negundo L. Molecules, 16, 6667–6676.
Krishnaraj, C., Jagan, E. G., Rajasekar, S., Selvakumar, P., Kalaichelvan, P. T., Mohan, N. (2010). Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Acalypha indica leaf extracts and its antibacterial activity against water borne pathogens. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 76, 50–56.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to University Grants Commission (UGC), India; Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CRNN), University of Calcutta; and DBT-CU IPLS Programme, University of Calcutta, for financial and infrastructural support.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bakshi, M., Ghosh, S. & Chaudhuri, P. Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of Sliver Nanoparticles Using Three Mangrove Plants from Indian Sundarban. BioNanoSci. 5, 162–170 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-015-0175-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12668-015-0175-8