Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Study of Tribological Properties of Nano-Sized Red Mud Particle-Reinforced Polyester Composites

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Red mud (RM) in powder form is a waste substance obtained during extraction of pure alumina from Bauxite ore by Bayer’s method. In this work, this red mud is used as reinforcement in nano-sized particulate form in the unsaturated polyester matrix. The mean particle size of 720 nm, 612 nm, 475 nm, 263 nm, and 110 nm were produced by ball milling for the milling period of 6–30 h. The composites were prepared by varying the size of the particle and for different particle weight fraction of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 wt.%. The wear characteristics of these red mud particulate composites were studied, and the effect of the particle size variation and particle weight fraction were reported. Particle size and particle content were observed to play a major part in frictional characteristics of the composites. The reduction in specific wear rate was 47.72% for 110 nm particle size composite sample with a weight fraction of 2.5 wt.%, and it showed 39.28% reduction in coefficient of friction on comparing with that of pure cured polyester resin. Red mud particles were characterized by FTIR, XRD and AFM analysis. Worn-out surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) for morphological study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Richard S, SelwinRajadurai J and Manikandan V, J. Tribol. 139 (2016) 012202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Arumugaprabu V, Uthayakumar M, Manikandan V, Rajini N and Jeyaraj P, Mater. Des. 64 (2014) 270.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Satheesh Raja R, Manisekar K and Manikandan V, Mater. Des. 55 (2014) 499.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Manikandan V, WinowlinJappes J, Suresh Kumar S and Amuthakkannan P, Compos. Part B 43 (2012) 812.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ding M, Liu J, Liu B, Wang X, Li T and Cao D, in Proceedings of SAE-China Congress 2015: Selected Papers (2015) 297.

  6. George P, Bhowmik S, Abraham M, Sriram P, Pitchan M, and Ajeesh G, P. I. MECH. ENG. L J. MAT (2016) https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420716660874.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Chauhan S and Thakur S, Mater. Des. 51 (2013) 398.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Arumugaprabu V, Manikandan V and Uthayakumar M, IJE TRANSACTIONS B Appl. 27 (2014) 1741.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Prabu, V.A, Manikandan V and Uthayakumar M, P. I. Mech. Eng. L J. Mat 227 (2013) 143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Akinci A, Akbulut H and Yilmaz F, Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng. 46 (2007) 31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ahmed K, J. Adv. Res. 6 (2015) 225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Rout A and Ray S, Compos. Mech. Comput. Appl. Int. J. 5 (2014) 259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Mallakpour S and Khadem E, Prog. Polym. Sci. 51 (2015) 74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mittal G, Dhand V, Rhee K, Park S and Lee W, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 21 (2015) 11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Gao Z and Zhao L, Mater. Des. 66 (2015) 176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sharma S, Bijwe J, Panier S and Sharma M, Wear 332 (2015) 863.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Vaisakh S, Peer Mohammed A, Hassanzadeh M, Tortorici J, Metz R and Ananthakumar S, Polym. Adv. Technol. 27 (2016) 905.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Jia Z, Hao C, Yan Y and Yang Y, Wear 338 (2015) 282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Wang W and Liu T, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 109 (2008) 1654.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Tjong S C and Bao S, e-Polymers 7 (2007) 1618.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Liu Y and Kontopoulou M, Polymer 47 (2006) 7731.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Suresha B, Ravi Kumar B, Venkataramareddy M and Jayaraju T, Mater. Des. 31 (2010) 1993.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Richard S, Rajadurai J S and Manikandan V, Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 21 (2016) 462.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lin J, Composites Part B 38 (2007) 79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Sun T, Fan H, Wang Z, Liu X and Wu Z, Mater. Des. 87 (2015) 10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Bahadur S and Sunkara C, Wear 258 (2005) 1411.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Chang L, Zhang Z, Ye L and Friedrich K, Tribol. Int. 40 (2007) 1170.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kurahatti R V, Surendranathan A O, Srivastava S, Singh N, Kumar A R and Suresha B, Mater. Des. 32 (2011) 2644.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Samal S, Ray A K and Bandopadhyay A, Int. J. Miner. Process. 118 (2013) 43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Kumar A and Kumar S, Constr. Build. Mater. 38 (2013) 865.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pontikes Y, Vangelatos I, Boufounos D, Fafoutis D and Angelopoulus G N, Adv. Sci. Technol. 45 (2006) 2176.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Liu Y, Lin C and Wu Y, J. Hazard. Mater. 146 (2007) 255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Pinnock W R, Gordon J N, J. Mater. Sci. 27 (1992) 692.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Nath H, Sahoo A, Int. J. Appl. Bioeng. 8 (2014) 1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Nan F, Xu Y, Xu B, Gao F, Wu Y and Li Z, Tribol. Int. 81 (2015) 199.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Singh D, Thakre G D, Sivakumar Konathala L N and Prasad V V D N, Adv. Tribol. 2016 (2016) 1901493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Sun W, Xuan X, Li L and An J, Materials 11 (2018) 505.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Bermudez M-D, Carrion-Vilches F J and Martinez-Nicolas C, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 831 (1999) 74.

    Google Scholar 

  39. M-D Bermudez, Carrion-Vilches FJ and Martinez-Mateo I, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 81 (2001) 2426.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Fu S Y, Feng X Q, Lauke B and Mai Y W, Compos. Part B 39 (2008) 933.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Skarvelis P and Papadimitriou G D, Surf. Coat. Technol. 203 (2009) 1384.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhang G, Yin Y and Li J, J. Mater. Res. 32 (2017) 354.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We whole heartedly thank the management of Dr. Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, and Govt. College of Engineering, Tirunelveli and Kalasalingam Academy of Research, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputhur, Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India, for providing all research facilities.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Sivanthi Aditanar College of Engineering, Tiruchendur, Tamil Nadu, 628215, India

    S. Richard & M. Chithambara Thanu

  2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, 627007, India

    J. SelwinRajadurai

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, 626126, India

    V. Manikandan, V. Arumugaprabu & R. Deepak Joel Johnson

Authors
  1. S. Richard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J. SelwinRajadurai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. Manikandan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Chithambara Thanu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. V. Arumugaprabu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. R. Deepak Joel Johnson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. Manikandan.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Richard, S., SelwinRajadurai, J., Manikandan, V. et al. Study of Tribological Properties of Nano-Sized Red Mud Particle-Reinforced Polyester Composites. Trans Indian Inst Met 72, 2417–2431 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-019-01694-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-019-01694-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation