Abstract
An exploratory study was carried out to reveal the impact of heavy metal concentration on roadside sediments and road surface runoff along the National Highway NH-2 Delhi–Kolkata, India. The study was carried out during the monsoon season to reveal the impact of heavy metal concentration on the roadside along the National Highway NH-2 Delhi–Kolkata, India. This study presents the heavy metal concentration observed on the deposited sediment and surface runoff. Eighteen sediment and surface runoff samples were collected during the monsoon from nine different locations and were analyzed for the residual concentration using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals were very high for the following sampling points: ADDA more at Asansol (S8) and Ranisayer at Raniganj (S9). To calculate analytical results, and to detect the possible pollution sources of heavy metal correlation analysis and for principal component analysis, agglomeration schedule of cluster analysis was applied to the data matrix. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor analysis revealed the major sources of contamination, viz. lithology, traffic volume, and industry and road construction. The present study is essential in the regional aspect where the heavy metal pollution provokes and causes health issues to the residents. This study could also be beneficial to similar scenario seen elsewhere in the world.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7370-1/MediaObjects/12665_2018_7370_Fig1_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7370-1/MediaObjects/12665_2018_7370_Fig2_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7370-1/MediaObjects/12665_2018_7370_Fig3_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7370-1/MediaObjects/12665_2018_7370_Fig4_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7370-1/MediaObjects/12665_2018_7370_Fig5_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7370-1/MediaObjects/12665_2018_7370_Fig6_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7370-1/MediaObjects/12665_2018_7370_Fig7_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7370-1/MediaObjects/12665_2018_7370_Fig8_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7370-1/MediaObjects/12665_2018_7370_Fig9_HTML.gif)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alkarkhi AFM et al (2009) Analysis of heavy metal concentrations in sediments of selected estuaries of Malaysia—a statistical assessment. Environ Monit Assess 153(1-4):179
An Q et al (2009) Heavy metals and polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments of the Yangtze River estuary, China. Environ Earth Sci 59(2):363
Bäckström M et al (2004) Mobilisation of heavy metals by deicing salts in a roadside environment. Water Res 38(3):720–732
Chen X et al (2010) Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils and correlation with urban traffic in Beijing, China. J Hazard Mater 181(1):640–646
Chowdhury A, Maiti SK (2016) Identification of metal tolerant plant species in mangrove ecosystem by using community study and multivariate analysis: a case study from Indian Sunderban. Environ Earth Sci 75(9):744
Crabtree B et al (2006) Monitoring pollutants in highway runoff. Water Environ J 20(4):287–294
Ellis JB, Revitt DM (1982) Incidence of heavy metals in street surface sediments: solubility and grain size studies. Water Air Soil Pollut 17(1):87–100
Fergusson JE, Kim ND (1991) Trace elements in street and house dust: sources and speciation. Sci Total Environ 100:125–150
Fernandes LL, Nayak GN (2012) Geochemical assessment in a creek environment in Mumbai, west coast of India. Environ Forensics 13(1):45–54
Förstner U, Wittmann GTW (2012) Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Springer, Berlin
Ghosh SP, Maiti SK, Ghose MK (2016) Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in soils along National Highway 2 (NH2)—a case study. TIDEE (TERI Inf Dig Energy Environ) 15(4):459–471
Guevara SR et al (2005) Heavy metal inputs in northern Patagonia lakes from short sediment core analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 265(3):481–493
Guzmán HM, Jiménez CE (1992) Contamination of coral reefs by heavy metals along the Caribbean coast of Central America (Costa Rica and Panama). Mar Pollut Bull 24(11):554–561
Jiries A, Hussein H, Halaseh Z (2001) The quality of water and sediments of street runoff in Amman, Jordan. Hydrol Process 15(5):815–824
Lamble KJ, Hill SJ (1998) Microwave digestion procedures for environmental matrices. Critic Rev Analyst 123(7):103–133
Lee H et al (2004) Seasonal first flush phenomenon of urban stormwater discharges. Water Res 38(19):4153–4163
Leitao TE (2005) Impact of road runoff in soil and groundwater. Synthesis of Portuguese and other European case-studies. In: 4th inter-celtic colloquium on hydrology and management of water resources, Guimarães
Manta DS et al (2002) Heavy metals in urban soils: a case study from the city of Palermo (Sicily), Italy. Sci Total Environ 300(1):229–243
Moore JN, Brook EJ, Johns C (1989) Grain size partitioning of metals in contaminated, coarse-grained river floodplain sediment: Clark Fork River, Montana, USA. Environ Geol 14(2):107–115
Muller G (1969) Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine river. GeoJ 2:108–118
Ogwueleka TC (2014) Assessment of the water quality and identification of pollution sources of Kaduna River in Niger State (Nigeria) using exploratory data analysis. Water Environ J 28(1):31–37
Ololade IA, Lajide L, Amoo IA (2008) Seasonal metal distribution in Ondo coastal sediment, Nigeria. J Appl Sci Environ Manag 12(4):11–18
Opher T, Ostfeld A, Friedler E (2009) Modeling highway runoff pollutant levels using a data-driven model. Water Sci Technol 60(1):19–28
Perdomo L et al (1999) The mangrove ecosystem of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (Colombia): observations on regeneration and trace metals in sediment. Mar Pollut Bull 37(8):393–403
Praveena SM et al (2008) Multivariate and geoaccumulation index evaluation in mangrove surface sediment of Mengkabong Lagoon, Sabah. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 81(1):52–56
Preda M, Cox ME (2002) Trace metal occurrence and distribution in sediments and mangroves, pumice-stone region, southeast Queensland, Australia. Environ Int 28(5):433–449
Shafie NA et al (2013) Application of geoaccumulation index and enrichment factors on the assessment of heavy metal pollution in the sediments. J Environ Sci Health Part A 48(2):182–190
Singh AK (2011) Elemental chemistry and geochemical partitioning of heavy metals in road dust from Dhanbad and Bokaro regions, India. Environ Earth Sci 62(7):1447–1459
Udat SAR, Saifuldin N (2000) Assessment study of soil pollution along the main highways in central and north Jordan. Diss
USEPA (1996) Method 3050B. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-06/documents/epa-3050b.pdf. Accessed 17 Aug 2017
Wei B, Yang L (2010) A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dust and agricultural soils from China. Microchem J 94(2):99–107
Werkenthin M, Kluge B, Wessolek G (2014) Metals in european roadside soils and soil solution—a review. Environ Pollut 189:98–110
Wikipedia. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/India_roadway_map.svg. Accessed on 17 Aug 2017
Xin H, Yun Z, Jun L, Tijian W, Hongzhen L (2015) Total concentrations and fractionation of heavy metals in road-deposited sediments collected from different land use zones in a large city (Nanjing), China. Chem Spec Bioavail 23(1):46–52
Yisa J, Jacob JO, Onoyima CC (2011) Identification of sources of heavy metals pollution in road-deposited sediments using multivariate statistical analysis. J Emerg Trends Eng Appl Sci 2(4):658–663
Yu R, Yuan X, Zhao Y, Hu G, Tu X (2008) Heavy metal pollution in intertidal sediments from Quanzhou Bay, China. J Environ Sci 20(6):664–669
Acknowledgements
The author is grateful to Professor A. K. Singh, Head of the Department (HOD), Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, for his kind support and encouragement to carry out the study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghosh, S.P., Maiti, S.K. Evaluation of heavy metal contamination in roadside deposited sediments and road surface runoff: a case study. Environ Earth Sci 77, 267 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7370-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7370-1