Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Major ion chemistry and quality assessment of the groundwater resources of Nanded tehsil, a part of southeast Deccan Volcanic Province, Maharashtra, India

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Groundwater quality assessment study was undertaken in the Nanded tehsil, District Nanded (the term tehsil is used for an administrative block in case of India) which is the part of southeast Deccan Volcanic Province in Maharashtra, India, with a view to assess the suitability of groundwater resources for the purpose of drinking and irrigation. Fifty (50) representative dug/bore well water samples were collected and analyzed for determining the geochemical variations and quality of groundwater in the study area. By clutching hydrochemical analysis and GIS-based inverse distance weightage (IDW) technique, the spatial variation of groundwater quality was inferred. The physicochemical parameters, viz. pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, CO3 −, HCO3 −, Cl−, NO3 −, SO4 −, were determined to assess the groundwater quality. As per the World Health Organization (WHO) standards, TDS (60%), TH (98%), Ca (06%), Mg (04%), Na (14%) and Cl (24%) samples exceed the desirable limits but all the groundwater samples are within the permissible limit except EC. The parameters such as EC, TDS, Cl−, Na+, TH, HCO3 − and Ca2+ show significant positive correlation with other parameters. The hydrogeochemical analysis suggests that the dominant ions present in groundwater are Cl−, Na+, Ca2+ and HCO3 −. The Piper plot shows that the alkaline earth exceeds alkalies and alkali exceeding the alkaline earths in case of 60 and 40% samples, respectively. Strong acids exceed weak acid representing 76% of the total samples and only 24% samples represent weak acid exceeding strong acid. The groundwater from the study area is mostly of Na–Ca–Cl–HCO3, Na–Cl–HCO3, Na–HCO3–Cl, Mg–Ca–Na–Cl–HCO3, Na–Mg–Cl, etc., types in the descending order of dominance. The suitability of groundwater for irrigation was determined on the basis of SAR, RSC, MAR, % Na, KR, TDS, CAI, GR, etc. According to the Cl− classification, 6% of groundwater samples can severely affect the plants. From Kelly’s ratio, 19 (38%) samples are found to be unsuitable due to surplus (>1) sodium content. The MAR demonstrates that, 6% samples fall in bad category; however, % Na shows that, 20% are doubtful and only 4% samples are unsuitable for irrigation. The Gibbs diagram represents the rock dominance processes in all the groundwater samples, which are affecting the groundwater quality in the study area. The US salinity diagram reveals that C4S2 zone includes 8% and C4S3 represents 4% of samples (with EC = <2250, 10 < SAR < 18, EC = <2250, SAR = >18), respectively, which are supposed to be unsuitable for irrigation in the study area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • APHA (2005) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st edn. American Public Health Association, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayers RS, Westcot DW (1985) Water quality for agriculture, vol 29. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome

    Google Scholar 

  • Box GFP, Hunter WG, Hunter JS (1978) Statistics for experiments an introduction to design data analysis and model building. Wiley, Toronto, p 653

    Google Scholar 

  • Canter LW (1997) Nitrates in groundwater. Lewis Publisher, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) (2013) Groundwater information Nanded district Maharashtra, Ministry of Water Resources. Govt. of India, Nagpur, p 294

    Google Scholar 

  • Central Groundwater Board (CGWB) (1998) Groundwater exploration in Maharashtra and Union Territory of Dadra Nagar Haveli. Ministry of Water Resources. Govt. of India, Nagpur, p 294

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman D (Ed.) (1996) On the behalf of UNESCO, WHO. UXEP. Water quality assessments-a guide to use biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring. F & F Spoil, London, Chapter 9

  • Dar IA, Sankar K, Shafi T, Dar MA (2011) Investigation of groundwater quality in hardrock terrain using geoinformation system. Environ Monit Assess 176(1–4):575–595

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies SN, DeWiest RJ (1966) Hydrogeology. Wiley, New York, pp 1–463

    Google Scholar 

  • Doneen LD (1964) Water quality for agriculture. Department of Irrigation, University of Calfornia, Davis

    Google Scholar 

  • Dzik AJ (1989) Cerebrovascular disease mortality rates and water hardness in North Dakota. S D J Med 42(4):5–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Eaton FM (1950) Significance of carbonates in irrigation waters. Soil Sci 69(2):123–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fried JJ (1991) Nitrates and their control in the Eco Aquatic Environment. In: Borgadi I, Kuzelka D (eds) Nitrate contamination, exposure, consequences and control. NATO ASI series G30, ecological sciences. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp 55–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Geological Survey of India (GSI) (2001) District resource Map. GSI, Nanded district

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs RJ (1970) Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry. Science 170(3962):1088–1090

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hauser B (2001) Drinking water chemistry: a laboratory manual. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Helena BA, Vega M, Barrado E, Pardo R, Fernandez L (1999) A case of hydrochemical characterization of an alluvial aquifer influenced by human activities. Water Air Soil Pollut 112:365–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaiswal RK, Mukherjee S, Krishnamurthy J, Saxena R (2003) Role of remote sensing and GIS techniques for generation of groundwater prospect zones towards rural development–an approach. Int J Remote Sens 24(5):993–1008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jangam CM, Sanam SR, Chaturvedi MK, Padmakar C, Pujari PR, Labhasetwar PK (2015) Impact assessment of on-site sanitation system on groundwater quality in alluvial settings: a case study from Lucknow city in North India. Environ Monit Assess 187(10):1–16

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeong CH (2001) Effect of land-use and urbanization on hydrochemistry and contamination of groundwater from Taejon area, Korea. J Hydrol 253:194–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joarder MAM, Raihan F, Alam JB, Hasanuzzaman S (2008) Regression analysis of ground water quality data of Sunamganj District, Bangladesh. Int J Environ Res 2(3):291–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplay RD, Patode HS, Panaskar DB (1998) Groundwater quality in an industrial area of Tuppa, Nanded, Maharashtra. Pollut Res 17(3):251–254

    Google Scholar 

  • Karanth KR (1987) Groundwater assessment development and management. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, p 725

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelley WP (1946) Permissible composition and concentration of irrigated waters. Proceedings of the A.S.C.E. p. 607

  • Kelley WP (1951) Alkali soils-Their formation, properties and reclamation. Reinhold Publication, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirda C (1997) Assessment of irrigation water quality. Options Mediterraneennes. Serie A: Seminaires Mediterraneens (CIHEAM

  • Krishnan MS (1982) Geology of India and Burma, 6th edn. CBS Publisher and Distributors, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar R, Harender R (2013) Mitigation of groundwater depletion hazards in India. Curr Sci 104(10):1271

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurumbein WC, Graybill FA (1965) An introduction to statistical models in geology. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Laurent M, François A, Marie MJ (2010) Assessment of groundwater quality during dry season in southeastern Brazzaville, Congo. Int J Appl Bio Pharma Technol 1:762–769

    Google Scholar 

  • Madhnure P (2014) Groundwater exploration and drilling problems encountered in basaltic and granitic terrain of Nanded district, Maharashtra. J Geol Soc India 84(3):341–351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marghade D, Malpe DB, Zade AB (2011) Geochemical characterization of groundwater from northeastern part of Nagpur urban, Central India. Environ Earth Sci 62(7):1419–1430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marghade D, Malpe DB, Zade AB (2012) Major ion chemistry of shallow groundwater of a fast growing city of Central India. Environ Monit Assess 184(4):2405–2418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison G, Fatoki OS, Persson L, Ekberg A (2001) Assessment of the impact of point source pollution from the Keiskammahoek Sewage Treatment Plant on the Keiskamma River-pH, electrical conductivity, oxygen-demanding substance (COD) and nutrients. Water SA 27(4):475–480

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukate SV, Panaskar DB, Wagh VM, Pawar RS (2015) Assessment of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purpose: a case study of Chincholikati MIDC area, Solapur (MS), India. SRTMUs J Sci 4(1):58–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Naik PK, Tambe JA, Dehury BN, Tiwari AN (2008) Impact of urbanization on the groundwater regime in a fast growing city in Central India. Environ Monit Assess 146(1–3):339–373

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nanded District website. http://www.nanded.nic.in/htmldocs/forest.html

  • Paliwal KV (1972) Irrigation with saline water (No.2). Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Panaskar DB, Yedekar DB, Deshpande SM (2007) Assessment of groundwater quality of Nanded city, Maharashtra. Gondwana Geol Mag 11:77–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawar NJ, Shaikh IJ (1995) Nitrate pollution of ground waters from shallow basaltic aquifers, Deccan Trap Hydrologic Province, India. Environ Geol 25(3):197–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pawar NJ, Pawar JB, Kumar S, Supekar A (2008) Geochemical eccentricity of ground water allied to weathering of basalts from the Deccan Volcanic Province, India: insinuation on CO2 consumption. Aquat Geochem 14(1):41–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearson K (1896) Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution, III. regression, heredity and panmixia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 187:253–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piper AM (1944) A graphical procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water analysis. Trans Am Geophys Union 25:914–923

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pius A, Jerome C, Sharma N (2012) India using GIS techniques. Environ Evaluation of groundwater quality in and around Peenya industrial area of Bangalore, South Monit Assess 184(7):4067–4077

    Google Scholar 

  • Raghunath HM (1987) Groundwater. Wiley Eastern Ltd., Delhi India

    Google Scholar 

  • Raman PK, Murthy VN (2014) Geology of Andhra Pradesh. GSI Publications 2(1)

  • Ramesh K, Elango L (2011) Groundwater quality and its suitability for domestic and agricultural use in Tondiar river basin. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Tamil Nadu India. doi:10.1007/s10661-011-2231-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao NS (2006a) Nitrate pollution and its distribution in the groundwater of Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Geol 51(4):631–645

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao NS (2006b) Seasonal variation of groundwater quality in a part of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ Geol 49(3):413–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raychaudhuri JK, Saxena NP, Sinha AK, Sen D (1984) Deccan trap flows in parts of Nanded and Yeotmal districts. Maharashtra, Geol Surv India Spec Publ 14:6–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards LA (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Soil Sci 78(2):154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez-Pérez JM, Trémolières M (2003) Change in groundwater chemistry as a consequence of suppression of floods: the case of the Rhine floodplain. J Hydrol 270(1):89–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer CN, McCarty PL (1967) Chemistry for sanitary engineers. McGraw-Hill, In Chemistry for sanitary engineers

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer CN, McCarty PL, Parkin GF (2003) Chemistry for environmental engineering and science

  • Schoeller H (1967) Geochemistry of groundwater—an international guide for research and practice (Chap. 15, pp. 1–18)

  • Srinivasamoorthy K, Chidambaram S, Prasanna MV, Vasanthavihar M, Peter J, Anandhan P (2008) Identification of major sources controlling groundwater chemistry from a hard rock terrain—a case study from Mettur taluk, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. J Earth Syst Sci 117(1):49–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stallard RF, Edmond JM (1983) Geochemistry of the Amazon: 2. The influence of geology and weathering environment on the dissolved load. J Geophys Res Oceans (1978–2012) 88(14):9671–9688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taiwo AM, Adeogun AO, Olatunde KA, Adegbite KI (2011) Analysis of groundwater quality of hand-dug wells in peri-urban area of Obantoko, Abeokuta, Nigeria for selected physico-chemical parameters. Pacific J Sci Technol 12(1):527–534

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari AK, Singh AK (2014) Hydrogeochemical investigation and groundwater quality assessment of Pratapgarh District, Uttar Pradesh. J Geol Soc India 83:329–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Todd DK (1980) Groundwater hydrology, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Toth J (1999) Groundwater as a geologic agent: an overview of the causes, processes, and manifestations. Hydrogeol J 7(1):1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) (1999) Global Environment Outlook. Earthscan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) (1954) Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils, handbook 60. US Department of Agriculture, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Varade AM, Yenkie RO, Kodate J (2013) Assessment of water quality in and around Hingna area of Nagpur district, Maharashtra for irrigational purposes. J Appl Geochem 15(3):488–505

    Google Scholar 

  • Varade AM, Lamsoge B, Dongre KP, Shende R, Rajput A (2014a) Efficacy of Kumarswamy method in determining Aquifer Parameters of Large-Diameter Dugwells in Deccan Trap Region, Nagpur District, Maharashtra. J Indian Geophys Union 18(4):461–468

    Google Scholar 

  • Varade AM, Yenkie R, Shende R, Kodate J (2014b) Drinking water quality assessment studies for an urbanized part of the Nagpur District, Central India. J Environ Sci Eng 56(1):53–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Wadia DN (1983) Geology of India and Burma. Revised Edition

  • WHO (World Health Organization) (1997) Guideline for drinking water quality health criteria and other supporting information. vol. 2, 2nd edn. WHO, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization (WHO) (2011) Guideline for drinking water quality, 1:14th edn

  • Wilcox L (1955) Classification and use of irrigation waters. US Department of Agriculture, Circular 969, Washington, DC, USA

  • Yidana SM, Banoeng-Yakubo B, Akabzaa TM (2010) Analysis of groundwater quality using multivariate and spatial analyses in the Keta basin, Ghana. J Afr Earth Sci 58(2):220–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zilberbrand M, Rosenthal E, Shachnai E (2001) Impact of urbanization on hydrochemical evolution of groundwater and unsaturated-area gas composition in the coastal city of Tel Aviv,Israel. J Contam Hydrol 50:175–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research work was financially supported by Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, under minor research project scheme. The authors wish to thank Prof. S. K. G. Krishnamacharayulu, Director, School of Earth Sciences, for providing necessary facilities during the research work. Authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their meaningful suggestions and constructive comments.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India

    Vasant Madhav Wagh, Dipak Baburao Panaskar, Shrikant Vitthal Mukate, Ranjitsinh Subhash Pawar & Manesh Laxman Aamalawar

  2. Department of Geology, Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India

    Abhay Mukund Varade

  3. Department of Geology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Satyajit Kundlik Gaikwad

  4. School of Mathematical Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra, India

    Aniket Avinash Muley

Authors
  1. Vasant Madhav Wagh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dipak Baburao Panaskar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Abhay Mukund Varade
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shrikant Vitthal Mukate
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Satyajit Kundlik Gaikwad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ranjitsinh Subhash Pawar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Aniket Avinash Muley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Manesh Laxman Aamalawar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dipak Baburao Panaskar.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 14 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wagh, V.M., Panaskar, D.B., Varade, A.M. et al. Major ion chemistry and quality assessment of the groundwater resources of Nanded tehsil, a part of southeast Deccan Volcanic Province, Maharashtra, India. Environ Earth Sci 75, 1418 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6212-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-6212-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation