Abstract
The challenge of establishing integrated urban water management (IUWM) lies in the nature of and interaction between various subjects. Following on from integrated water resources management (IWRM), IUWM is structured as a holistic approach. Environmental issues, institutional functions and instruments for planning and management form the basis for integrated urban water management. This paper presents the development of a methodology for identifying, bundling and prioritising measures, taking into account resource orientation and cost-efficiency analysis. The approach is applied to the City of Darkhan, Mongolia’s second largest city, which serves as a model area for Central Asia. The model region has to cope with an extreme continental climate, the livestock agriculture of the nomads, nutrient losses in cultivated agricultural areas, trans-boundary impacts on Lake Baikal and the potential for conflicts through mining activities. Settlement structures are heterogeneous, the cultural imprint of post-socialist structures is still present and the technical infrastructure can be described as decrepit. The planning approach presented here consists of the integrated delineation and bundling of measures, along with the creation of an adapted database structure and a decision-making process for prioritisation. The form of the resulting implementation plan will depend on the actual costs and duration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baast (2012) Future visions for the city of Darkhan. Oral presentation on 12th of September 2012 at City hall. Darkhan
Bárdossy A, Duckstein L (1985) Composite programming as an extension of compromise programming. In: Serafini P (ed) Mathematics of multi objective optimization. Springer, Udine
Borchardt D (1996) Kasseler Thesen zum Thema „Integraler—ganzheitlicher—Gewässerschutz in kleinen Flusseinzugsgebieten. Wasserwirtschaft 5:264–265
EU (2000) Directive 2000/60/EG of the European parliament and the council on 23rd October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Off J Eur Commun L327: 72
Feng Y (2009) New conception and decision support model for integrated urban water system. Dissertation, Technische Universität Hamburg Harburg
Gebrie GS (2012) Integrated decision support tools for rural water supply based on Ethiopian case-studies. Dissertation, Universität Stuttgart
Guoting G, Wardlaw R (2013) Water resources management 27(8):3191–3207
GWP (2012) Handbook for integrated water resources management in transboundary basins of rivers, lakes and aquifers. GWP Network, Paris
Hofmann J, Venohr M, Behrendt H, Opitz D (2010) Integrated water resources management in central Asia: nutrient and heavy metal emissions and their relevance for the Kharaa River Basin Mongolia. Water Sci Technol 62:353–363
Hofmann J, Watson V, Scharaw B (2014) Groundwater quality under stress: contaminants in the Kharaa river basin (Mongolia). Environ Earth Sci. doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3148-2
Houdret A, Schweitzer C, Priess J (2012) IWRM in Mongolia: caught between national aspirations and local realities? In: Steusloff H (ed.) Integrated water resources management Karlsruhe 2012. Conference proceedings, Fraunhofer Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 72–79
Kalbus E, Kalbacher T, Kolditz O, Krüber E, Seegert J, Röstel G, Teutsch G, Borchardt D, Krebs P (2012) Integrated Water Resources Management under different hydrological, climatic and socio-economic conditions. Environ Earth Sci 65:1363–1366. doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1330-3
Karthe D, Heldt S, Houdret A, Borchardt D (2014) IWRM in a country under rapid transition: lessons learnt from the Kharaa River Basin, Mongolia. Env Earth Sci. doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3435-y
Loetscher T, Keller J (2002) A decision support system for selecting sanitation systems in developing countries. Socio Econ Plann Sci 36:267–290
Makropoulos CK, Natsis K, Liu S, Mittas K, Butler D (2008) Decision Support for sustainable option selection in integrated urban water management. Environ Model Softw 23:1448–1460. doi:10.1016/j.envsof.2008.04.010
Meusel S (2008) Weiterentwicklung der stoffbezogenen Maßnahmenplanung zur Umsetzung der EG-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie am Beispiel des Einzugsgebietes der Ilm. Dissertation, Bauhaus University Weimar
Mitchell VG (2006) Applying integrated urban water management concepts: a review of Australian experience. Environ Manage 37:589–605. doi:10.1007/s00267-004-0252-1
Modelica Association (2012) Modelica language specification version 3.3, https://www.modelica.org/documents/ModelicaSpec33.pdf. Accessed 17 Jan 2014
MoMo-Consortium (2009) MoMo—IWRM in Central Asia—Model Region Mongolia (MoMo): case study in the Kharaa River Basin. Final Project Report
Oracle (2013) The Java Tutorial, http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/
Rost G, Londong J (2013) Development of a toolbox-model for integrated urban water management—case study area Darkhan, Kharaa catchment, Mongolia. 3 WIstanbul Conference Proceedings
Saaty Thomas L (2001) Decision making for leaders—the analytic hierarchy process for decisions in a complex World, 3rd edn. RWS Publishing, Pittsburgh
Sigel K (2010) Environmental sanitation in peri-urban ger areas in the city of Darkhan (Mongolia): a description of current status, practices, and perceptions. UFZ-Report 02/2010
Sigel K, Altantuul K, Basandorj D (2012) Household needs and demand for improved water supply and sanitation in peri-urban ger areas: the case of Darkhan, Mongolia. Environ Earth Sci. doi:10.1007/s12665-011-1221-7.65:1561-1566
SQLite documentation (2013), https://www.sqlite.org/docs.html
Tjandraatmadja G, Sharma AK, Grant T, Pamminger F (2012) A Decision Support Methodology for Integrated Urban Water Management in Remote Settlements. Water Resour Manage 27:433–449. doi:10.1007/s11269-012-0195-x
Zarghami M, Abrishamchi A, Ardakanian R (2008) Multi-criteria Decision Making for Integrated Urban Water Management. Water Resour Manage 22:1017–1029. doi:10.1007/s1126-007-9207-7
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF project No. 03300762). We want to thank all of our Mongolian and German project partners who provided us with valuable input data for the Toolbox Model. This paper is especially dedicated to our co-author Gerel Osor. She was of outstanding value for the whole MoMo project and unfortunately could not experience its publication.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grit, R., Jörg, L., Steffen, D. et al. Integrated urban water management: development of an adapted management approach . Environ Earth Sci 73, 709–718 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3701-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3701-z