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The levels of fluorine in the sediments of the aquifer and their significance for fluorosis in coastal region of Laizhou Bay, China

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Abstract

The levels of fluorine in sediment cores obtained from Changyi County (PZ core) and Laizhou County (TS core) are used to discuss the fluorine sources in groundwater and its enrichment dynamics. The sediments in the aquifer are mainly constituted of granite gravels. The levels of fluorine in the PZ and TS cores range from 130 to 468 mg/kg, 139–528 mg/kg, with average values of 324, 348 mg/kg, respectively, which show relatively lower levels than the national average of fluorine in the soil or sediment. Thus, the fluorosis in this area should not be attributed to the levels of fluorine in sediments. The average fluorine concentrations in the aquifer from top to bottom are 154, 139, 200, 222 mg/kg for the TS core, and 154, 130, 266, 272 mg/kg for the PZ core, respectively, which are the lowest of the cores and extremely lower levels than the fresh granites. Such a fact indicates that a vast amount of fluorine has been leached into the groundwater. Moreover, the fluorine leachability is estimated to be approximately 70 %, although the previous documents showed fluorine contents of the granite surrounding Laizhou Bay were almost equal to or even lower than the average levels of fluorine in fresh granites. Meanwhile, a simulation experiment also reveals that fluorine release from rocks increases with the addition of seawater and brine water. Therefore, the seawater intrusion may potentially enhance the fluorine leachability, and should be an important dynamic of fluorine enrichment.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by Natural Science Fund of China (No. 40901027, 41106036), the Natural Science Fund of Shandong Province (ZR2011DQ006), the International Partnership Creative Group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences “Typical Environmental Process and Effects of Coastal Zone Resources”, the National Training Programs of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates, and we are grateful for two anonymous reviewers’ advices.

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  1. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, College of Geological Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China

    Qiao Chen, Zhaojun Song, Peng Chen, Yukun Cui, Rui Zhang, Xiaohui Li & Jingyuan Liu

  2. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai City, 264003, China

    Qingshui Lu

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  1. Qiao Chen
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Chen, Q., Lu, Q., Song, Z. et al. The levels of fluorine in the sediments of the aquifer and their significance for fluorosis in coastal region of Laizhou Bay, China. Environ Earth Sci 71, 4513–4522 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2843-8

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