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Geochemical study of arsenic and other trace elements in groundwater and sediments of the Old Brahmaputra River Plain, Bangladesh

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Abstract

The geochemical study of groundwaters and core sediments from the Old Brahmaputra plain of Bangladesh was conducted to investigate the distribution of arsenic and related trace elements. Groundwaters from tube wells are characterized by pH of 6.4–7.4, dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.8–1.8 mg/l, Ca contents of 5–50 mg/l, and Fe contents of 0.2–12.9 mg/l. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 8 to 251 μg/l, with an average value of 63 μg/l. A strong positive correlation exists between As and Fe (r 2 = 0.802; p = 0.001) concentrations in groundwater. The stratigraphic sequences in the cores consist of yellowish silty clays at top, passing downward into grayish to yellowish clays and sands. The uppermost 3 m and lower parts (from 13 to 31 m) of the core sediments are oxidized (average oxidation reduction potential (ORP) +170 and +220 mV, respectively), and the ORP values gradually become negative from 3 to 13 m depths (−35 to −180 mV), indicating that anoxic conditions prevail in the shallow aquifers of the Brahmaputra plain. Age determinations suggest that clay horizons at ~10 m depth were deposited at around 2,000 and 5,000 years BP (14C ages) during the transgressive phase of sea-level change. Elevated concentrations of As, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and V are present in the silts and clays, probably due to adsorption onto clay particles. Significant concentrations of As occur in black peat and peaty sediments at depths between 9 and 13 m. A strong positive correlation between As and Fe was found in the sediments, indicating As may be adsorbed onto Fe oxides in aquifer sediments.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Professor Yoshikazu Sampei and Professor Yoshihiro Sawada of Shimane University for access to the AAS and XRF facilities, and Professor M. A. Sattar of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, for his cooperation in sampling. We thank the Mymensingh City Authority for their valuable support during sample collection. The radiocarbon dating was carried out at Nagoya University, Japan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan

    Faruque Ahmed, Takehiko Fukushima & Teruyuki Maruoka

  2. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan

    M. Hawa Bibi

  3. Department of Geoscience, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504, Japan

    Hiroaki Ishiga

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  1. Faruque Ahmed
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Correspondence to Faruque Ahmed.

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Ahmed, F., Bibi, M.H., Ishiga, H. et al. Geochemical study of arsenic and other trace elements in groundwater and sediments of the Old Brahmaputra River Plain, Bangladesh. Environ Earth Sci 60, 1303–1316 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0270-7

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