Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Eutrophication, health risk assessment and spatial analysis of water quality in Gucheng Lake, China

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Environmental Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The water characteristics of the Gucheng Lake, such as eutrophication, health and spatial distribution, were investigated. On the basis of the trophic state index (TSI) and entropy weight, a synthesized trophic state index (STSI) model was established to assess lake eutrophication condition through calculating STSI, choosing TP, TN, COD, BOD and NH3-N as trophic variables. The STSI ranged from 50.58 to 62.44, which showed that the water has been between eutrophic and supereutrophic. A histogram was applied to health risk assessment which was analyzed from carcinogenic substances (Cr+6, As and Cd) and non-carcinogenic substances (hydroxybenzene, Pb, Hg, CN− and NH3), and the results showed that the former was much greater than the latter for effect. The total risk for each resident caused by all pollutants ranged from 5.18E-05 to 8.34E-05, which is far higher than the standard, recommended by Sweden Bureau of Environment Protection and Holland Ministry of Building and Environment Protection (1.0E-05). Cluster analysis was used to detect similarities and dissimilarities among the seven sampling sites and explain the observed clustering in terms of affected conditions. Twenty-one variables were used to divide seven sampling sites into three groups, namely, north lake, south lake and lake center.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aestel A, Biziuk M, Przyjazny A, Namiesnik J (2006) Chemometrics in monitoring spatial and temporal variations in drinking water quality. Water Res 8:1706–1716

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ball G, Hall DA (1967) A clustering technique for summarizing multivariate data. Behav Sci 12:153–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyacioglu H (2006) Surface water quality assessment using factor analysis. Water S A 32(3):389–393

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson RE (1977) A trophic state index for lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 22(2):361–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson RE (1991) Expanding the trophic state concept to identify non-nutrient limited lakes and reservoirs. Enhancing the States’ Lake Management Program, pp 59–71

  • Don L (1994) Evaluating weapon system using fuzzy analysis hierarchy process based on entropy weight. Fuzzy Sets Syst 62:287–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Filik Iscen C, Emiroglu Ö, Ilhan S, Arslan N, Yilmaz V, Ahiska S (2008) Application of multivariate statistical techniques in the assessment of surface water quality in Uluabat Lake, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess 144(1–3):269–276. doi 10.1007/s10661-007-9989-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldhaber SB (2003) Trace element risk assessment: essentiality vs. toxicity. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 38(2):232–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Havens KE (1995) Secondary nitrogen limitation in a subtropical lake impacted by non-point source agricultural pollution. Environ Poll 89:241–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Health Canada (1994) Canadian environmental protection act. Human health risk assessment for priority substances. DSS catalogue no. En40-215/41E, Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa

  • Health Canada (1995) Guidelines for Canadian drinking water quality, vol H48-10/1996E, 6th edn. Canada Communication Group, Ottawa

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin XC, Tu QY (1990) Survey criteria of lake eutrophication (in Chinese), vol 10. China Environment Science Press, Beijing, p 302

  • Kaufman L, Rousseeuw PJ (1990) Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kowalkowski T, Zbytniewski R, Szpejna J, Buszwski B (2006) Application chemometrics in river water classification. Water Res 40:744–752

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kratzer CR, Brezonik PL (1981) A Carlson-type trophic state index for nitrogen in Florida Lakes. Water Res Bull 17:713–715

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnan K, Paterson J, Williams DT (1997) Health risk assessment of drinking water contaminants in Canada: the applicability of mixture risk assessment methods. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 26:179–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lattin J, Carroll JD, Green PE (2003) Analyzing multivariate data. Thomson Learning Publishing House, New York, pp 54–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Mastoi GM, Shah SGS, Khuhawar MY (2008) Assessment of water quality of Manchar Lake in Sindh (Pakistan). Environ Monit Assess 141(1–3):287–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mckenna J (2003) An enhanced cluster analysis program with bootstrap significance testing for ecological community analysis. Environ Model Softw 18:205–220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of environmental protection of the People’s Republic of China, General administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine of the People’s Republic of China (2002) Environmental quality standards for surface water

  • Moskovchenko DV, Babushkin AG, Artamonova GN (2008) Surface water quality assessment of the Vatinsky Egan River catchment. West Siberia Environ Monit Assess 19:18283550

    Google Scholar 

  • Otto M (1998) Multivariate methods. In: Kellnet R, Mermet JM, Otto M, Widmer HM (eds) Analytical chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, p 916

    Google Scholar 

  • Qian JZh, Li RZh (2004) Environmental health risk assessment for urban water supply source (in Chinese). Shui Li Xue Bao 8:90–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Qiu WH (2001) Management decision and applied entropy. China Machine Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Seed J, Brown RP, Olin SS, Foran JA (1995) Chemical mixtures; current risk assessment methodologies and future directions. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 22:76–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha S, Kazama F (2007) Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: a case study of the Fuji river basin, Japan. Environ Model Softw 22:464–475

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simeonova P, Simeonov V, Andreev G (2003) Water quality study of the Struma River Basin, Bulgaria (1989–1998). Central Eur J Chem 1:136–212

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh KP, Malik A, Mohan D, Sinha S (2004) Multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality of Gomi River (India): a case study. Water Res 38:3980–3992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh KP, Malik A, Singh VK, Mohan D, Sinha S (2005) Chemometric analysis of groundwater quality data of alluvial aquifer of Gangetic Plain, North India. Anal Chim Acta 550:82–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (1996) Using multivariate statistics, 3rd edn. Harper Collins College, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang Z (2006) Study on eco-environment quality assessment based on factor and clustering analysis (in Chinese). J Harbin Univ Commer (Nat Sci Edn) 22(6):121–124

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) (1986) Guidelines for health risk assessment of chemical mixtures. Fed Regist 51:34014–34025

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.EPA) (1989) Risk assessment Guidance for superfund (vol 1) Human health evaluation manual (part A). EPA/540/1-89/002,198

  • Wunderlin DA, Diaz MDP, Ame MV, Pesce SF, Hued AC, Bistoni MD (2001) Pattern recognition techniques for the evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in water quality. A case study: Suquia River Basin (Cordoba Argentina). Water Res 35:2881–2894

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zedeh LA (1965) Fuzzy sets. Inf Control 8:338–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang XM, Dong YH, Shi JZ (2006) Water quality evaluation in Taihu Lake with the cluster-factor analysis method (in Chinese). J Saf Environ 6(6):58–62

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (No.06BJY050).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China

    Feng Cun Yu, Guo Hua Fang & Xiang Wen Ru

  2. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, China

    Feng Cun Yu & Guo Hua Fang

Authors
  1. Feng Cun Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Guo Hua Fang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xiang Wen Ru
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Guo Hua Fang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yu, F.C., Fang, G.H. & Ru, X.W. Eutrophication, health risk assessment and spatial analysis of water quality in Gucheng Lake, China. Environ Earth Sci 59, 1741–1748 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0156-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0156-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation