Abstract
Microbial means of nanolignin production from the bulk lignin derived out of cotton stalks could add value to the agricultural biomass, without affecting the environment. Also, such nanolignin can be used to impart multifunctional properties on the surface of cotton and linen fabrics. The bulk lignin was extracted by kraft pulping process from cotton stalks and subjected to controlled microbial hydrolysis by a lignin degrading fungal isolate, Aspergillus oryzae to obtain the nanolignin. For comparison, nanolignins were prepared by two different established processes, high-shear homogenization and ultrasonication. The microbial process yielded 45.3% nanolignin while homogenization and ultrasonication processes yielded 79.50% and 62.60%, respectively. The nanolignins were characterized for size by DLS particle size analyzer, morphology by AFM and SEM, chemical nature by FTIR, glass transition temperature by DSC and crystallite size by XRD. The microbial nanolignin was applied on to cotton and linen fabrics using pad dry cure method using acrylic binder and studied for its multifunctional properties after 5 and 10 wash cycles. Both the fabrics (cotton and linen) treated with nanolignin showed 100% antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia, and, enhanced UV absorbing and antioxidant properties. This study demonstrated the microbial process for production of nanolignin from cotton stalks and protocol to apply nanolignin to impart antibacterial, antioxidant and UV protection properties on the surface of cotton and linen fabrics.
Graphic Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Gaur, R., Soam, S., Sharma, S., Gupta, R.P., Bansal, V.R., Kumar, R., Tuli, D.K.: Bench scale dilute acid pretreatment optimization for producing fermentable sugars from cotton stalk and physicochemical characterization. Ind Crops Prod 83, 104–112 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.11.056
Pandey, S.N., Shaikh, A.J.: A study on chemical composition of cotton plant stalk of different species. Indian Pulp Paper 41, 10–13 (1986)
Thakur, V.K., Thakur, M.K., Raghavan, P., Kessler, M.R.: Progress in green polymer composites from lignin for multifunctional applications: a review. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2(5), 1072–1092 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/sc500087z
Yang, W., Rallini, M., Natali, M., Kenny, J., Ma, P., Dong, W., Torre, L., Puglia, D.: Preparation and properties of adhesives based on phenolic resin containing lignin micro and nanoparticles: a comparative study. Mater Des 161, 55–63 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2018.11.032
Danti, S., Trombi, L., Fusco, A., Azimi, B., Lazzeri, A., Morganti, P., Coltelli, M.-B., Donnarumma, G.: Chitin nanofibrils and nanolignin as functional agents in skin regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 20(11), 2669 (2019)
Kang, S., Xiao, L., Meng, L., Zhang, X., Sun, R.: Isolation and structural characterization of lignin from cotton stalk treated in an ammonia hydrothermal system. Int J Mol Sci 13(11), 15209 (2012)
Du, S.-K., Zhu, X., Wang, H., Zhou, D., Yang, W., Xu, H.: High pressure assist-alkali pretreatment of cotton stalk and physiochemical characterization of biomass. Bioresour Technol 148, 494–500 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.020
Abdelaziz, O.Y., Brink, D.P., Prothmann, J., Ravi, K., Sun, M., García-Hidalgo, J., Sandahl, M., Hulteberg, C.P., Turner, C., Lidén, G., Gorwa-Grauslund, M.F.: Biological valorization of low molecular weight lignin. Biotechnol Adv 34(8), 1318–1346 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.10.001
Vinardell, M.P., Mitjans, M.: Lignins and their derivatives with beneficial effects on human health. Int J Mol Sci 18(6), 1219 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061219
Vigneshwaran, N., Kumar, S., Kathe, A.A., Varadarajan, P.V., Prasad, V.: Functional finishing of cotton fabrics using zinc oxide-soluble starch nanocomposites. Nanotechnology 17(20), 5087–5095 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/20/008
Ibrahim, N.A., Emam, E.-A.M., Eid, B.M., Tawfik, T.M.: An eco-friendly multifunctional nano-finishing of cellulose/wool blends. Fibers Polym 19(4), 797–804 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-7922-8
Feng, J., Hontañón, E., Blanes, M., Meyer, J., Guo, X., Santos, L., Paltrinieri, L., Ramlawi, N., Smet, Nirschl, H., Kruis, F.E., Schmidt-Ott, A., Biskos, G.: Scalable and environmentally benign process for smart textile nanofinishing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8(23), 14756–14765 (2016). doi:10.1021/acsami.6b03632.
Pillai, M.M., Karpagam, K.R., Begam, R., Selvakumar, R., Bhattacharyya, A.: Green synthesis of lignin based fluorescent nanocolorants for live cell imaging. Mater Lett 212, 78–81 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.10.060
Azimvand, J., Didehban, K., Mirshokraie, S.A.: Preparation and characterization of nano-lignin biomaterial to remove basic red 2 dye from aqueous solutions. Pollution 4(3), 395–415 (2018). https://doi.org/10.22059/poll.2017.243124.327
Lum, W.C., Lee, S.H., Ahmad, Z., Abdul Halip, J., Chin, K.L.: Chapter 15: Lignocellulosic nanomaterials for construction and building applications. In: Thomas, S., Grohens, Y., Pottathara, Y.B. (eds.) Industrial Applications of Nanomaterials, pp. 423–439. Elsevier, New York (2019)
Beisl, S., Miltner, A., Friedl, A.: Lignin from micro- to nanosize: production methods. Int J Mol Sci 18(6), 1244 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18061244
Azimvand, J., Didehban, K., Mirshokrai, S.A.: Preparation and characterization of lignin polymeric nanoparticles using the green solvent ethylene glycol: acid precipitation technology. BioResources 13(2), 11 (2018)
Juikar, S.J., Vigneshwaran, N.: Extraction of nanolignin from coconut fibers by controlled microbial hydrolysis. Ind Crops Prod 109, 420–425 (2017)
Juikar, S.J., Vigneshwaran, N.: Microbial production of coconut fiber nanolignin for application onto cotton and linen fabrics to impart multifunctional properties. Surf Interfaces 9, 147–153 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2017.09.006
Henderson, M.E.K.: Isolation, identification and growth of some soil hyphomycetes and yeast-like fungi which utilize aromatic compounds related to lignin. Microbiology 26(1), 149–154 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-26-1-149
Tien, M., Kirk, T.K.: Lignin peroxidase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. In: Methods in Enzymology, vol. 161, pp. 238–249. Academic Press, New York (1988)
Irshad, M., Asgher, M., Sheikh, M.A., Nawaz, H.: Purification and characterization of laccase produced by Schyzophylum commune IBL-06 in solid state culture of banana stalks, vol. 6. 2011, vol. 3 (2011)
Abdel-Halim, E.S., Al-Deyab, S.S.: One-step bleaching process for cotton fabrics using activated hydrogen peroxide. Carbohydr Polym 92(2), 1844–1849 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.045
Egüés, I., Sanchez, C., Mondragon, I., Labidi, J.: Antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds obtained by autohydrolysis of corn residues. Ind Crops Prod 36(1), 164–171 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.08.017
Gadelmawla, E.S., Koura, M.M., Maksoud, T.M.A., Elewa, I.M., Soliman, H.H.: Roughness parameters. J Mater Process Technol 123(1), 133–145 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(02)00060-2
Hu, S., Hsieh, Y.-L.: Synthesis of surface bound silver nanoparticles on cellulose fibers using lignin as multi-functional agent. Carbohydr Polym 131, 134–141 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.060
Kedare, S.B., Singh, R.P.: Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. J Food Sci Technol 48(4), 412–422 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-011-0251-1
Acknowledgements
Authors thank Dr. P.G. Patil, Director of ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology and Dr. Sujata Saxena for their support and guidance during the research work. Authors also thank Mr. A. Arputharaj, Dr. N. M. Ashtaputre, Dr. C. P. D’ Souza, Mr. R. Narkar, Mr. Vivek, Mr. M. Ambare and Mr. N. Kambli for their technical support to carry out the research work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Juikar, S.J., Nadanathangam, V. Microbial Production of Nanolignin from Cotton Stalks and Its Application onto Cotton and Linen Fabrics for Multifunctional Properties. Waste Biomass Valor 11, 6073–6083 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00867-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00867-8