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Hydrothermal Treatments of Cistus ladanifer Industrial Residues Obtained from Essential Oil Distilleries

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Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to optimize hydrothermal treatments (autohydrolysis) for selective hydrolysis of hemicelluloses in the residues obtained from the industrial steam distillation of Cistus ladanifer (rock-rose) for essential oil extraction (CLR). The effect of the autohydrolysis in the removal of extractives of these residues was also evaluated.

Methods

The raw material was treated with water in a 6:1 liquid-to-solid ratio (w/w) and the effect of temperature (130–230 °C) on the composition of liquid and solid phases were evaluated and interpreted using the severity factor (log R0).

Results

The highest recovery of oligosaccharides (24.7 g/L), corresponding to a yield of 28.4 g/100 g of CLR was obtained at moderate conditions, log R0 of 3.12. Together with hemicelluloses, polar extracts were also largely solubilized during the hydrothermal process yielding hydrolysates with a relevant concentration of phenolics. The highest glucan content (35.6 g/100 g of CLR) of the solid residue was obtained at more severe conditions, log R0 of 4.0 (220 °C). There was no apparent lignin solubilisation in any of the conditions, which is an advantage of this hydrolytic pretreatment.

Conclusions

Cistus ladanifer residues demonstrated to have potential to be used in the biorefinery framework with a full upgrade of all biomass fractions.

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Acknowledgements

Junia Alves-Ferreira is grateful to CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília – DF 700 40−020, Brazil (doctoral scholarship – Process 9109/13−7). This work was supported by QREN Project “Biomassa Endógena”. Centro de Estudos Florestais is a research unit funded by FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (UID/AGR/00239/2013). Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas is a research unit funded by FCT (UID/AGR/00115/2013). The authors thank Joaquina Silva, Lídia Silva and Céu Penedo for their technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidade de Bioenergia, LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038, Lisboa, Portugal

    Júnia Alves-Ferreira, Luís C. Duarte & Florbela Carvalheiro

  2. Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Apartado 6158, 7801-908, Beja, Portugal

    Júnia Alves-Ferreira & Maria C. Fernandes

  3. Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal

    Júnia Alves-Ferreira & Helena Pereira

  4. ICAAM - Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal

    Maria C. Fernandes

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  1. Júnia Alves-Ferreira
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  2. Luís C. Duarte
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Correspondence to Florbela Carvalheiro.

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Alves-Ferreira, J., Duarte, L.C., Fernandes, M.C. et al. Hydrothermal Treatments of Cistus ladanifer Industrial Residues Obtained from Essential Oil Distilleries. Waste Biomass Valor 10, 1303–1310 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-0127-3

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