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A comparative study of highly-ionized Al plasma based on dual pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

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Abstract

We built a collinear dual-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP-LIBS) system to study the aluminum (Al) plasma emission by installing a pair of Nd: YAG lasers operating at 266 and 1064 nm. The spectral intensities of selected aluminum doubly-ionized lines were employed to evaluate the optical emission spectra. The influences of the energy ratio of two pulsed lasers on the LIBS intensity for different Al doubly-ionized spectral lines were investigated. The de-excitation rate parameters of the excited ion and the electron impact excitation were computed using the analytical formulas proposed by Smeets and Vriens. The transition probabilities and energy states were computed using Hibbert’s configuration interaction, computer package (CIV3). By solving the coupled rate equations including 1s 22s 22p 6ns (2S), 1s 22s 22p 6np (2P), 1s 22s 22p 6nd (2D) (n = 3–5) and 1s 22s 22p 6nf (2F) (n = 4, 5) states, the level population densities were computed. We also proposed a theoretical population model in order to investigate the effectiveness of the various processes that might affect the population of the upper levels in Al plasma by using the rate coefficients. In addition, the population densities for the 19 upper levels were also computed. Good compatibility between the experimental and the theoretical model data had been observed. Our results might be significant as reference data for the optimization of the DP-LIBS spectrometry and diagnostics of laser produced plasmas.

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Acknowledgments

Authors are thankful to National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza, Egypt and the deanship of scientific research, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia for supporting this work through project ID # 2014101. Authors would also like to thank Prof. Sami Allam, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt for his help and improvement of our software code used in this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Main Laboratory, Department of Laser Sciences and Interactions, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt

    A. A. I. Khalil

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science for Girls, University of Dammam, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia

    A. A. I. Khalil

  3. Department of Physics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Dammam, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia

    W. O. Younis

  4. Department of Physics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia

    M. A. Gandol

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  1. A. A. I. Khalil
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  2. W. O. Younis
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  3. M. A. Gandol
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Correspondence to A. A. I. Khalil.

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Khalil, A.A.I., Younis, W.O. & Gandol, M.A. A comparative study of highly-ionized Al plasma based on dual pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Indian J Phys 91, 327–336 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-016-0926-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-016-0926-6

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