Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Psychometric Properties of Two Bicultural Attitude Scales: An Update

  • Assessment
  • Published:
Psychological Studies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to report evidence of psychometric properties of two Bicultural Attitude Scales (BASs) developed by the author. The paper provides evidence of the reliability and validity of the two versions of the BAS (i.e., Parents version and Children versions) based on two studies. The first study was conducted on a sample of 66 Bangladeshi immigrant parents (33 mothers and 33 fathers) living in the USA. The measuring instrument was the Parents version of the BAS. Results showed a high factorial validity structure of the scale—the values ranged from .62 to .96—and high internal consistency reliability of the scale—the alpha coefficient was .80. The second study was conducted on a 412 Bangladeshi ethnic minority young adults (40 % women and 60 % men). Children version of the BAS was used in this study. The study revealed significantly high factorial validity—factor loading values ranged from .34 to .65—and a significantly high internal consistency reliability of the scale—the alpha coefficient was .86.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Benet-Martinez, V., Lee, F., & Leu, J. (2006). Biculturalism and cognitive complexity: Expertise in cultural representations. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 37, 386–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46, 5–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (2005). Acculturation: Living successfully in two cultures. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 697–712.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. W. (2006). Acculturation: A conceptual overview. In M. H. Bornstein & L. B. Cote (Eds.), Acculturation and parent–child relationships (pp. 13–30). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J., & Sam, D. (1996). Acculturation and adaptation. In J. Berry, M. Segall, & C. Kagitcibasi (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Social behavior and applications (Vol. 3, pp. 291–325). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cauce, A. M., & Domenech-Rodríguez, M. (2002). Latino families: Myths and realities. In J. Contreras, A. Neal-Barnett, & K. Kerns (Eds.), Latino children and families in the United States: Current research and future directions (pp. 3–26). Westport: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortes, D. E., Rogler, L. H., & Malgady, R. G. (1994). Biculturality among Puerto Rican adults in the United States. American Journal of Community Psychology, 22, 707–722.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, H. (2012). Personality: Classic theories and modern research. Boston: Pearson Higher Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, M. N. (1964). Assimilation in American life. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khaleque, A. (2006). Psychometric properties of a bicultural attitude scale. Unpublished manuscript. Storrs, CT: University of Connectict.

  • Khaleque, A. (2008). Psychometric properties of a bicultural attitude scale. Frontier Women’s University Journal of Social Sciences, 2, 18–25.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khaleque, A. (2011a). Revised bicultural attitude scales. Unpublished manuscript. Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut.

  • Khaleque, A. (2011b). Biculturalism and parental acceptance and rejection. Interpersonal Acceptance, 5, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khaleque, A. (2014). Revised bicultural attitude scales. Unpublished manuscript. Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut.

  • Khaleque, A., Malik, F., & Rohner, R. P. (2015). Differential acculturation among Pakistani American immigrant parents and children. Psychological Studies, 60(4), 407–411. doi:10.1007/s12646-015-0337-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khaleque, A., Rohner, R. P., Nahar, Z., & Sharif, A. H. (2008). Acculturation and perceived parental acceptance–rejection, control, and psychological adjustment of Bangladeshi immigrant children parents in America. In F. Erkman (Ed.), Acceptance: The essence of peace (pp. 227–238). Istanbul: Turkish Psychological Association, Istanbul Branch.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khaleque, A., Uddin, M. K., Roy, K., Aktar, R., Siddique, M. N., & Rohner, R. P. (2016). Bicultural attitude and psychological adjustment of ethnic minority adults in Bangladesh. In Paper presented in the Society for Cross Cultural Research Conference in Portland, OR, USA, February 17–20.

  • Kim, E., Cain, K., & McCubbin, M. A. (2006). Maternal and paternal parenting, acculturation, and young adolescents’ psychological adjustment in Korean American families. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 19, 112–129.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, E., & Hong, S. (2007). First generation Korean American parents’ perceptions on discipline. Journal of Professional Nursing, 23(1), 60–68.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, A. M. D., & Benet-Martinez, V. (2013). Biculturalism and adjustment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 44, 122–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Partha, R. (2014). Socio-cultural impacts of Bengali resettlement project on the indigenous people in the Chittagong hill tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh. In Paper presented at the joint conference of the Japanese Society of Anthropology and International Union of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Tokyo, Japan, May 15–18.

  • Podio-Guidugli, S. (2010). Parenting in a context of acculturation: An empirical study on the Filipino community in Rome. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Rome: University La Sapienza.

  • United Nations Population Division. (2013). Department of Economic and Social Affairs, international migration report 2013. http://www.unpopulation.org.

  • U. S. Census. (2010). Principal demographic results. http://www.census.gov. Accessed 1 Sept 2016.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of HDFS, Unit 1058, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269-2058, USA

    Abdul Khaleque

Authors
  1. Abdul Khaleque
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdul Khaleque.

Appendices

Appendix 1: Bicultural Attitude Scale for Parents (Revised)

Instruction: Please indicate your opinions by encircling any one of the four alternative answers for each question.

  1. 1.

    How much are values of your host country a part of your life?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  2. 2.

    How important is it to you to celebrate holidays in the way of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  3. 3.

    How important is it to you to raise your children with values of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  4. 4.

    How important is it to you to speak in the language of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  5. 5.

    How important is it to you to wear the dress of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  6. 6.

    How much do you enjoy eating food of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  7. 7.

    How much do you enjoy the music of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  8. 8.

    How important is it to you that your children should marry someone belonging to your host culture?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  9. 9.

    How much are values of your country of origin a part of your life?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  10. 10.

    How important is it to you to celebrate holidays in the way of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  11. 11.

    How important is it to you to raise your children with values of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  12. 12.

    How important is it to you to speak in the language of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  13. 13.

    How important is it to you to wear the dress of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  14. 14.

    How much do you enjoy eating food of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  15. 15.

    How much do you enjoy the music of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  16. 16.

    How important is it to you that your children should marry someone belonging to the culture of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

© Khaleque (2006) (revised, 2014)

Appendix 2: Bicultural Attitude Scale for Children (Revised)

Instruction: Please indicate your opinions by encircling any one of the four alternative answers for each question.

  1. 1.

    How much are values of your host country a part of your life?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  2. 2.

    How important is it to you to celebrate holidays in the way of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  3. 3.

    How important is it to you to grow up with values of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  4. 4.

    How important is it to you to speak in the language of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  5. 5.

    How important is it to you to wear the dress of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  6. 6.

    How much do you enjoy eating the food of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  7. 7.

    How much do you enjoy the music of your host country?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  8. 8.

    How important is it to you to marry someone belonging to your host culture?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  9. 9.

    How much are values of your country of origin a part of your life?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  10. 10.

    How important is it to you to celebrate holidays in the way of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  11. 11.

    How important is it to you to grow up with values of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  12. 12.

    How important is it to you to speak in the language of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  13. 13.

    How important is it to you to wear the dress of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  14. 14.

    How much do you enjoy eating food of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  15. 15.

    How much do you enjoy the music of your country of country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

  16. 16.

    How important is it to you to marry someone belonging to the culture of your country of origin?

    • Not at all (1) A little (2) Somewhat (3) Very much (4)

© Khaleque (2006) (revised, 2014).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khaleque, A. Psychometric Properties of Two Bicultural Attitude Scales: An Update. Psychol Stud 61, 288–294 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-016-0372-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-016-0372-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation