Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most widespread form of dementia, characterized by memory loss and reduction of cognitive functions that strongly interfere with normal daily life. Numerous evidences show that aggregates of the amyloid beta peptide, formed by 39 to 42 amino acid residues (Aβ39–43), from soluble small oligomers to large fibrils are characteristic markers of this pathology. However, AD is a complex disease and its neurodegenerative molecular mechanism is not yet fully understood. Growing evidence suggests a link between Aβ polymorphic nature, oligomers and fibrils, and specific mechanisms of neurodegeneration. The Aβ variable nature and its multiplicity of interactions with different proteins and organelles reflect the complexity of this pathology. In this review, we analyze the effects of the interaction between Aβ peptide and different cellular compartments in relation to the different kinds and sizes of amyloid aggregates. In particular, Aβ interaction with different cell structures such as the plasma membrane, mitochondria, lysosomes, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum is discussed. Further, we analyze the Aβ peptide ability to modify the structure and function of the target organelle, inducing alteration of its physiological role thus contributing to the pathological event. Dysfunction of cellular components terminating with the activation of the cellular death mechanism and subsequent neurodegeneration is also taken into consideration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ai X, Kawamura Y, Kokame K, Yamaguchi H, Shiraishi H, Suzuki R, Suzuki T, Kawaichi M, Miyata T, Kitamura T, De Strooper B, Yanagisawa K, Komano H (2002) Endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducible protein, Herp, enhances presenilin-mediated generation of amyloid beta-protein. J Biol Chem 277:12915–12920. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112372200
Amar F, Sherman MA, Rush T, Larson M, Boyle G, Chang L, Götz J, Buisson A, Lesné SE (2017) The amyloid-β oligomer Aβ*56 induces specific alterations in neuronal signaling that lead to tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Sci Signal 9. https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aal2021
Arispe N, Pollard HB, Rojas E (1993) Giant multilevel cation channels formed by Alzheimer disease amyloid beta-protein [A beta P-(1-40)] in bilayer membranes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90:10573–10577. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.22.10573
Arriagada PV, Growdon JH, Hedley-Whyte ET, Hyman BT (1992) Neurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 42:631–639. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.42.3.631
Bahr BA, Abai B, Gall CM, Vanderklish PW, Hoffman KB, Lynch G (1994) Induction of β-amyloid containing polypeptides in hippocampus: evidence for a concomitant loss of synaptic proteins and interactions with an excitotoxin. Exp Neurol 129:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1006/exnr.1994.1149
Bahr BA, Wisniewski ML, Butler D (2012) Positive lysosomal modulation as a unique strategy to treat age-related protein accumulation diseases. Rejuvenation Res 15:189–197. https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2011.1282
Baker JE, Lim YY, Pietrzak RH, Hassenstab J, Snyder PJ, Masters CL, Maruff P (2016) Cognitive impairment and decline in cognitively normal older adults with high amyloid-β: a meta-analysis. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 18:108–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadm.2016.09.002
Barucker C, Harmeier A, Weiske J, Fauler B, Albring KF, Prokop S, Hildebrand P, Lurz R, Heppner FL, Huber O, Multhaup G (2014) Nuclear translocation uncovers the amyloid peptide A42 as a regulator of gene transcription. J Biol Chem 289:20182–22019. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.564690
Barucker C, Sommer A, Beckmann G, Eravci M, Harmeier A, Schipke CG, Brockschnieder D, Dyrks T, Althoff V, Fraser PE, Hazrati LN, George-Hyslop PS, Breitner JC, Peters O, Multhaup G (2015) Alzheimer amyloid peptide A42 regulates gene expression of transcription and growth factors. J Alzheimers Dis 44:613–624. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-141902
Beer S, Zhou J, Szabó A, Keiles S, Chandak GR, Witt H, Sahin-Tóth M (2013) Comprehensive functional analysis of chymotrypsin C (CTRC) variants reveals distinct loss-off function mechanisms associated with pancreatitis risk. Gut 62:1616–1624. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303090
Billings LM, Oddo S, Green KN, McGaugh JL, La Ferla FM (2005) Intraneuronal Abeta causes the onset of early Alzheimer’s disease related cognitive deficits in transgenic mice. Neuron 45:675–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.040
Bobba A, Amadoro G, Valenti D, Corsetti V, Lassandro R, Atlante A (2013) Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and IV are impaired by Β-amyloid via direct interaction and through complex I-dependent ROS production, respectively. Mitochondrion 13:298–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2013.03.008
Camero S, Benítez MJ, Cuadros R, Hernández F, Avila J, Jiménez JS (2014) Thermodynamics of the interaction between Alzheimer’s disease related tau protein and DNA. PLoS One 9:e104690. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0104690
Canale C, Seghezza S, Vilasi S, Carrotta R, Bulone D, Diaspro A, San Biagio PL, Dante S (2013) Different effects of Alzheimer’s peptide Aβ(1-40) oligomers and fibrils on supported lipid membranes. Biophys Chem 182:23–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2013.07.010
Cardoso S, Carvalho C, Correia SC, Seiça RM, Moreira PI (2016) Alzheimer’s disease: from mitochondrial perturbations to mitochondrial medicine. Brain Pathol 26:632–647. https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12402
Carrotta R, Di Carlo M, Manno M, Montana G, Picone P, Romancino D, San Biagio PL (2006) Toxicity of recombinant beta- amyloid prefibrillar oligomers on the morphogenesis of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. FASEB J 20:1916–1917. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.06-5716fje
Castellano JM, Kim J, Stewart FR, Jiang H, DeMattos RB, Patterson BW, Fagan AM, Morris JC, Mawuenyega KG, Cruchaga C, Goate AM, Bales KR, Paul SM, Bateman RJ, Holtzman DM (2011) Human apoE isoforms differentially regulate brain amyloid-β peptide clearance. Sci Transl Med 3:89ra57. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3002156
Chafekar SM, Hoozemans JJ, Zwart R, Baas F, Scheper W (2007) Abeta 1-42 induces mild endoplasmic reticulum stress in an aggregation state-dependent manner. Antioxid Redox Signal 9:2245–2254. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2007.1797
Chen JX, Yan SS (2010) Role of mitochondrial amyloid-β in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 20:S569–S578. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-100357
Costa RO, Ferreiro E, Cardoso SM, Oliveira CR, Pereira CM (2010) ER stress mediated apoptotic pathway induced by Abeta peptide requires the presence of functional mitochondria. J Alzheimers Dis 20:625–636. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-091369
Cummings JL, Morstof T, Zhong K (2014) Alzheimer’s disease drug-development pipeline: few candidates, frequent failure. Alzheimers Res Ther 6:37. https://doi.org/10.1186/alzrt269
De Strooper B, Beullens M, Contreras B, Levesque L, Craessaerts K, Cordell B, Moechars D, Bollen M, Fraser P, George-Hyslop PS, Van Leuven F (1997) Phosphorylation, subcellular localization, and membrane orientation of the Alzheimer’s disease-associated presenilins. J Biol Chem 272:3590–3598. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.272.6.3590
Deane R, Du Yan S, Submamaryan RK, La Rue B, Jovanovic S, Hogg E, Welch D, Manness L, Lin C, Yu J, Zhu H, Ghiso J, Frangione B, Stern A, Schmidt AM, Armstrong DL, Arnold B, Liliensiek B, Nawroth P, Hofman F, Kindy M, Stern D, Zlokovic B (2003) RAGE mediates amyloid-beta peptide transport across the blood-brain barrier and accumulation in brain. Nat Med 9:907–913. https://doi.org/10.1038/nm890
Dell’Angelica EC, Mullins C, Caplan S, Bonifacino JS (2000) Lysosome-related organelles. FASEB J 14:1265–1278. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.14.10.1265
Di Carlo M, Picone P, Carrotta R, Giacomazza D, San Biagio PL (2010) Insulin promotes survival of amyloid-beta oligomers neuroblastoma damaged cells via caspase 9 inhibition and Hsp70 upregulation. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010:147835. https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/147835
Di Carlo M, Giacomazza D, Picone P, Nuzzo D, San Biagio PL (2012) Are oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction the key players in the neurodegenerative diseases? Free Radic Res 46:1327–1338. https://doi.org/10.3109/10715762.2012.714466
Di Scala C, Yahi N, Lelievre C, Garmy N, Chahinian H, Fantini J (2013) Biochemical identification of a linear cholesterol binding domain within Alzheimer’s βamyloid peptide. ACS Chem Neurosci 4:509–517. https://doi.org/10.1021/cn300203a
Di Scala C, Troadec JD, Lelievre C, Garmy N, Fantini J, Chahinian H (2014) Mechanism of cholesterol-assisted oligomeric channel formation by a short Alzheimer β-amyloid peptide. J Neurochem 128:186–195. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.12390
Ditaranto K, Tekirian TL, Yang AJ (2001) Lysosomal membrane damage in soluble Aβ-mediated cell death in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Dis 8:19–31. https://doi.org/10.1006/nbdi.2000.0364
Drolle E, Negoda A, Hammond K, Pavlov E, Leonenko Z (2017) Changes in lipid membranes may trigger amyloid toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS One 12:e0182194. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182194
Du H, Yan SS (2010) Mitochondrial permeability transition pore in Alzheimer’s disease: cyclophilin D and amyloid beta. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol basis Dis 1802:198–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.07.005
Escribá PV, González-Ros JM, Goñi FM, Kinnunen PK, Vigh L, Sánchez-Magraner L, Fernández AM, Busquets X, Horváth I, Barceló-Coblijn G (2008) Membranes: a meeting point for lipids, proteins and therapies. J Cell Mol Med 12:829–875. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00281.x
Fantini J, Di Scala C, Yahi N, Troadec JD, Sadelli K, Chahinian H, Garmy N (2014) Bexarotene blocks calcium permeable ion channels formed by neurotoxic Alzheimer’s β-amyloid peptides. ACS Chem Neurosci 5:216–224. https://doi.org/10.1021/cn400183w
Ferreiro E, Oliveira CR, Pereira CMF (2008) The release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum induced by amyloid-beta and prion peptides activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Neurobiol Dis 30:331–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbd.2008.02.003
Giorgi C, De Stefani D, Bononi A, Rizzuto R, Pinton P (2009) Structural and functional link between the mitochondrial network and the endoplasmic reticulum. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol 41:1817–1827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2009.04.010
Görlach A, Bertram K, Hudecova S, Krizanova O (2015) Calcium and ROS: a mutual interplay. Redox Biol 6:260–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.010
Gunn AP, Wong BX, Johanssen T, Griffith JC, Masters CL, Bush AI, Barnham KJ, Duce JA, Cherny RA (2016) Amyloid-β peptide Aβ3pE-42 induces lipid peroxidation, membrane permeabilization, and calcium influx in neurons. J Biol Chem 291:6134–6145. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.655183
Hansson Petersen CA, Alikhani N, Behbahani H, Wiehager B, Pavlov PF, Alafuzoff I, Leinonen V, Ito A, Winblad B, Glaser E, Ankarcrona M (2008) The amyloid β-peptide is imported into mitochondria via the TOM import machinery and localized to mitochondrial cristae. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 105:13145–13150. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806192105
Hansson CA, Frykman S, Farmery MR, Tjernberg LO, Nilsberth C, Pursglove SE, Ito A, Winblad B, Cowburn RF, Thyberg J, Ankarcrona M (2004) Nicastrin, presenilin, APH-1, and PEN-2 form active gamma-secretase complexes in mitochondria. J Biol Chem 279:51654–51660. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M404500200
Harris JR (2008) Cholesterol binding to amyloid-βfibrils: a TEM study. Micron 39:1192–1196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2008.05.001
Harris JR, Milton NG (2010) Cholesterol in Alzheimer’s disease and other amyloidogenic disorders. Subcell Biochem 51:47–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8622-8_2
Hernandez CM, Dineley KT (2012) α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Alzheimer’s disease: neuroprotective, neurotrophic or both? Curr Drug Targets 13:613–622. https://doi.org/10.2174/138945012800398973
Hernandez-Zimbron LF, Luna-Muñoz J, Mena R, Vazquez-Ramirez R, Kubli-Garfias C, Cribbs DH, Manoutcharian K, Gevorkian G (2012) Amyloid-β peptide binds to cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1. PLoS One 7:e42344. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042344
Hong S, Ostaszewski BL, Yang T, O’Malley TT, Jin M, Yanagisawa K, Li S, Bartels T, Selkoe DJ (2014) Soluble Aβ oligomers are rapidly sequestered from brain ISF in vivo and bind GM1 ganglioside on cellular membranes. Neuron 82:308–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.027
Honjo Y, Ito H, Horibe T, Takahashi R, Kawakami K (2010) Protein disulfide isomerase-immunopositive inclusions in patients with Alzheimer disease. Brain Res 1349:90–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.06.016
Hoozemans JJ, Veerhuis R, Van Haastert ES, Rozemuller JM, Baas F, Eikelenboom P, Scheper W (2005) The unfolded protein response is activated in Alzheimer’s disease. Acta Neuropathol 110:165–172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-005-1038-0
Hu X, Crick SL, Bu G, Frieden C, Pappu RV, Lee JM (2009) Amyloid seeds formed by cellular uptake, concentration, and aggregation of the amyloid-beta peptide. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106:20324–20329. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911281106
Jarrett JT, Berger EP, Lansbury PT Jr (1993) The carboxy terminus of the β amyloid protein is critical for the seeding of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Biochemistry 32:4693–4697. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi500131a
Kam T-I, Gwon Y, Jung Y-K (2014) Amyloid beta receptors responsible for neurotoxicity and cellular defects in Alzheimer’s disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 71:4803–4813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1706-0
Kaminsky YG, Tikhonova LA, Kosenko EA (2015) Critical analysis of Alzheimer’s amyloid-beta toxicity to mitochondria. Front Biosci 1:173–197
Kim SH, Lah JJ, Thinakaran G, Levey A, Sisodia SS (2000) Subcellular localization of presenilins: association with a unique membrane pool in cultured cells. Neurobiol Dis 7:99–11. https://doi.org/10.1006/nbdi.1999.0280
Kim MJ, Hwang JW, Yun CK, Lee Y, Choi YS (2018) Delivery of exogenous mitochondria via centrifugation enhances cellular metabolic function. Sci Rep 20:3330. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21539-y
Kimata Y, Kohno K (2011) Endoplasmic reticulum stress-sensing mechanisms in yeast and mammalian cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 23:135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2010.10.008
Kremer JJ, Pallitto MM, Sklansky DJ, Murphy RM (2000) Correlation of beta-amyloid aggregate size and hydrophobicity with decreased bilayer fluidity of model membranes. Biochemistry 39:10309–10318. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi0001980
Lacor PN, Buniel MC, Furlow PW, Clemente AS, Velasco PT, Wood M, Viola KL, Klein WL (2007) Abeta oligomer-induced aberrations in synapse composition, shape, and density provide a molecular basis for loss of connectivity in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurosci 27:796–807. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3501-06.2007
Lahdo R, Coillet-Matillon S, Chauvet JP, de La Fourniere-Bessueille L (2002) The amyloid precursor protein interacts with neutral lipids. Eur J Biochem 269:2238–2246. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02882.x
Lai CS, Preisler J, BaumL LDH, Ng HK, Hugon J, So KF, Chang RC (2009) Low molecular weight Abeta induces collapse of endoplasmic reticulum. Mol Cell Neurosci 41:32–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2009.01.006
Lambert MP, Barlow AK, Chromy BA, Edwards C, Freed R, Liosatos M et al (1998) Diffusible non-fibrillary ligands derived from Abeta1-42 are potent central nervous system neurotoxins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:6448. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.11.6448
Lambert JC, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Harold D et al (2013) Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Genet 45:1452–1458. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2802
Lammich S, Kojro E, Postina R, Gilbert S, Feiffer RP, Jasionowski M, Haass C, Fahrenholz F (1999) Constitutive and regulated alpha-secretase cleavage of Alzheimer’s amyloid precursor protein by a disintegrin metalloprotease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:3922–3927. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.7.3922
Langui D, Girardot N, El Hachimi KH, Allinquant B, Blanchard V, Pradier L, Duyckaerts C (2010) Subcellular topography of neuronal Aβ peptide in APPxPS1 transgenic mice. Am J Pathol 165:1465–1477 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63405-0
Lansbury PT, Lashuel HA (2006) A century-old debate on protein aggregation and neurodegeneration enters the clinic. Nature 443:774–779. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05290
Lee DY, Lee KS, Lee HJ, Kim DH, Noh YH, Yu K, Jung HY, Lee SH, Lee JY, Youn YC, Jeong Y, Kim DK, Lee WB, Kim SS (2010) Activation of PERK signaling attenuates Abeta-mediated ER stress. PLoS One 5:e10489. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010489
Li Q, Tallant A, Cathcart MK (1993) Dual Ca2+ requirement for optimal lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein by activated human monocytes. J Clin Invest 91:1499–1506. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI116355
Li L, Yang Y, Zheng J, Cai G, Lee Y, Du J (2018) Decursin attenuates the amyloid-β-induced inflammatory response in PC12 cells via MAPK and nuclear factor-κB pathway. Phytother Res 32:251–258. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5962
Lin H, Bhatia R, Lal R (2001) Amyloid beta protein forms ion channels: implications for Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology. FASEB J 15:2433–2444. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.01-0377com
Ling D, Magallanes M, Salvaterra PM (2014) Accumulation of amyloid-like Aβ1-42 in AEL (autophagy-endosomal-lysosomal) vesicles: potential implications for plaque biogenesis. ASN Neuro 12:e00139. https://doi.org/10.1042/AN20130044
Liu RQ, Zhou QH, Ji SR, Zhou Q, Feng D, Wu Y, Sui SF (2010) Membrane localization of beta-amyloid 1-42 in lysosomes: a possible mechanism for lysosome labilization. J Biol Chem 285:19986–11996. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.036798
Liu Y, Nguyen M, Robert A, Meunier B (2019) Metal ions in Alzheimer’s disease: A key role or not? Acc Chem Res 52:2026–2035. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00248
Manczak MC, Reddy PH (2011) Impaired mitochondrial dynamics and abnormal interaction of amyloid beta with mitochondrial protein Drp1 in neurons from patients with Alzheimer’s disease: implications for neuronal damage. Hum Mol Genet 20:2495–2509. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddr139
Manczak M, Reddy PH (2012a) Abnormal interaction between the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 and hyperphosphorylated tau in Alzheimer’s disease neurons: implications for mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage. Hum Mol Genet 21:2538–2547. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/dds072
Manczak M, Reddy PH (2012b) Abnormal interaction of VDAC1 with amyloid beta and phosphorylated tau causes mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. Hum Mol Genet 21:5131–5146. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/dds360
Maurer I, Zierz S, Möller HJ (2000) A selective defect of cytochrome c oxidase is present in brain of Alzheimer disease patients. Neurobiol Aging 21:455–462. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0197-4580(00)00112-3
McLaurin J, Chakrabartty A (1997) Characterization of the interactions of Alzheimer’s b-amyloid peptides with phospholipid membranes. Eur J Biochem 245:355–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.t01-2-00355.x
Mudò G, Frinchi M, Nuzzo D, Scaduto P, Plescia F, Massenti MF, Di Carlo M, Cannizzaro C, Cassata G, Cicero L, Ruscica M, Belluardo N, Grimaldi LM (2019) Anti-inflammatory and cognitive effects of interferon-b1a (INFb1a) in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neuroinflammation 16:44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-019-1417-4
Nicastro MC, Spigolon D, Librizzi F, Moran O, Ortore MG, Bulone D, Biagio PL, Carrotta R (2016) Amyloid β-peptide insertion in liposomes containing GM1-cholesterol domains. Biophys Chem 208:9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpc.2015.07.010
Nixon RA, Wegiel J, Kumar A, Yu WH, Peterhoff C, Cataldo A, Cuervo AM (2005) Extensive involvement of autophagy in Alzheimer disease: an immuno-electron microscopy study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 64:113–122. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/64.2.113
Nuzzo D, Picone P, Caruana L, Vasto S, Barera A, Caruso C, Di Carlo M (2014) Inflammatory mediators as biomarkers in brain disorders. Inflammation. 37:639–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-013-9780-2
Nuzzo D, Picone P, Baldassano S, Caruana L, Messina E, Marino Gammazza A, Cappello F, Mulè F, Di Carlo M (2015) Insulin resistance as common molecular denominator linking obesity to Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 12:723–735. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150710115506
Nuzzo D, Inguglia L, Walters J, Picone P, Di Carlo M (2017) A shotgun proteomics approach reveals a new toxic role for Alzheimer’s disease Aβ peptide: spliceosome impairment. J Proteome Res 16:1526–1541. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00925
Nuzzo D, Presti G, Picone P, Galizzi G, Gulotta E, Giuliano S, Mannino C, Gambino V, Scoglio S, Di Carlo M (2018) Effects of the aphanizomenon flos-aquae extract (Klamin®) on a neurodegeneration cellular model. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 17(2018):9089016. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9089016
Paravastu AK, Leapman RD, Yau WM, Tycko R (2008) Molecular structural basis for polymorphism in Alzheimer’s beta-amyloid fibrils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:18349–18354. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806270105
Pasternak SH, Bagshaw RD, Guiral M, Zhang S, Ackerley CA, Pak BJ, Callahan JW, Mahuran DJ (2003) Presenilin-1, nicastrin, amyloid precursor protein, and gamma-secretase activity are co-localized in the lysosomal membrane. J Biol Chem 278:26687–26694. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m304009200
Pearson HA, Peers C (2006) Physiological roles for amyloid beta peptides. J Physiol 575:5–10. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2006.111203
Peters I, Igbavboa U, Schutt T, Haidari S, Hartig U, Bottner S, Copanaki E, Deller T, Kogel D, Wood WG, Muller WE, Eckert GP (2009) The interaction of beta-amyloid protein with cellular membranes stimulates its own production. Biochim Biophys Acta 1788:964–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.01.012
Picone P, Carrotta R, Montana G, Nobile MR, San Biagio PL, Di Carlo M (2009a) Abeta oligomers and fibrillary aggregates induce different apoptotic pathways in LAN5 neuroblastoma cell cultures. Biophys J 96:4200–4211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2008.11.056
Picone P, Bondi ML, Montana G, Bruno A, Pitarresi G, Giammona G, Di Carlo M (2009b) Ferulic acid inhibits oxidative stress and cell death induced by Ab oligomers: improved delivery by solid lipid nanoparticles. Free Radic Res 43:1133–1145. https://doi.org/10.1080/10715760903214454
Picone P, Giacomazza D, Vetri V, Carrotta R, Militello V, San Biagio PL, Di Carlo M (2011) Insulin-activated Akt rescues Aβ oxidative stress-induced cell death by orchestrating molecular trafficking. Aging Cell 10:832–843. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00724.x
Picone P, Nuzzo D, Di Carlo M (2013) Ferulic acid: a natural antioxidant against oxidative stress induced by oligomeric Abeta on sea urchin embryo. Biol Bull 224:18–28. https://doi.org/10.1086/BBLv224n1p18
Picone P, Nuzzo D, Caruana L, Scafidi V, Di Carlo M (2014) Mitochondrial dysfunction: different routes to Alzheimer’s disease therapy. Oxidative Med Cell Longev 2014:780179. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/780179
Picone P, Ditta LA, Sabatino MA, Militello V, San Biagio PL, Di Giacinto ML, Cristaldi L, Nuzzo D, Dispenza C, Giacomazza D, Di Carlo M (2016a) Ionizing radiation-engineered nanogels as insulin nanocarriers for the development of a new strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Biomaterials 80:179–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.057
Picone P, Vilasi S, Librizzi F, Contardi M, Nuzzo D, Caruana L, Baldassano S, Amato A, Mulè F, San Biagio PL, Giacomazza D, Di Carlo M (2016b) Biological and biophysics aspects of metformin-induced effects: cortex mitochondrial dysfunction and promotion of toxic amyloid pre-fibrillar aggregates. Aging (Albany NY) 8:1718–1734. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101004
Qiu L, Buie C, Reay A, Vaughn MW, Cheng KH (2011) Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the protective role of cholesterol in β-amyloid protein-induced membrane disruptions in neuronal membrane mimics. J Phys Chem B 115:9795–9812. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp2012842
Quist A, Doudevski I, Lin H, Azimova R, Ng D, Frangione B, Kagan B, Ghiso J, Lal R (2005) Amyloid ion channels: a common structural link for protein-misfolding disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:10427–10432. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0502066102
Rajasekhar K, Chakrabarti M, Govindaraju T (2015) Function and toxicity of amyloid beta and recent therapeutic interventions targeting amyloid beta in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 57:1041–1048. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cc05264e
Rao VK, Carlson EA, Yan SS (2014) Mitochondrial permeability transition pore is a potential drug target for neurodegeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol basis Dis 1842:1267–1272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.003
Resende R, Ferreiro E, Pereira C, Oliveira CR (2008) ER stress is involved in Abeta induced GSK-3beta activation and tau phosphorylation. J Neurosci Res 86:2091–2099. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.21648
Schreiner B, Hedskog L, Wiehager B, Ankarcrona M (2015) Amyloid-peptides are generated in mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes. J Alzheimers Dis 43:369–374. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-132543
Shoshan-Barmatz V, Nahon-Crystal E, Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Gupta R, VDAC1 (2018) Mitochondrial dysfunction, and Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacol Res 131:87–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2018.03.010
Smilansky A, Dangoor L, Nakdimon I, Ben-Hail D, Mizrachi D, Shoshan Barmatz V (2015) The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 mediates amyloid β toxicity and represents a potential target for Alzheimer disease therapy. J Biol Chem 290:30670–30683. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M115.691493
Snyder EM, Nong Y, Almeida CG, Paul S, Moran T, Choi EY, Nairn AC, Salter MW, Lombroso PJ, Gouras GK, Greengard P (2005) Regulation of NMDA receptor trafficking by amyloid-beta. Nat Neurosci 88:1051–1058. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1503
Soderman A, Thomsen M, Hansen H, Nielsen EØ, Jensen MS, West MJ, Mikkelsen JD (2008) The nicotinic alpha7 acetylcholine receptor agonist ssr180711 is unable to activate limbic neurons in mice overexpressing human amyloid-beta1-42. Brain Res 1227:240–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.06.062
Song S, Lee H, Kam TI, Tai ML, Lee JY, Noh JY, Shim SM, Seo SJ, Kong YY, Nakagawa T, Chung CW, Choi DY, Oubrahim H, Jung YK (2008) E2-25K/Hip-2 regulates caspase-12 in ER stress-mediated Abeta neurotoxicity. J. Cell Biol 182:675–684. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200711066
Srikanth V, Maczurek A, Phan T, Steele M, Westcott B, Juskiw D, Munch G (2011) Advanced glycation end products and their receptor RAGE in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging 32:763–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.016
Stefani M, Rigacci S (2013) Protein folding and aggregation into amylois: the interference by natural phenolic compounds. Int J Mol Sci 14:12411–12457. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140612411
Sung HY, Choi EN, Ahn JS, Oh S, Ahn JH (2011) Amyloid protein-mediated differential DNA methylation status regulates gene expression in Alzheimer’s disease model cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 414:700–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.136
Taher N, McKenzie C, Garrett R, Baker M, Fox N, Isaacs GD (2014) Amyloid-β alters the DNA methylation status of cell-fate genes in an Alzheimer’s disease model. J Alzheimers Dis 38:831–844. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-131061
Torre B, Ricci D, Braga PC (2011) How the atomic force microscope works? Methods Mol Biol 736:3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-105-5_1
Venkitaramani DV, Chin J, Netzer WJ, Gouras GK, Lesne S, Malinow R, Lombroso PJ (2007) Beta-amyloid modulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity. J Neurosci 27:11832–11183. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3478-07.2007
Verma M, Vats A, Taneja V (2015) Toxicity of protein aggregation in amyloid disorders or mature fibrils. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 18:138–145. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-2327.144284
Walter P, Ron D (2011) The unfolded protein response: from stress pathway to homeostatic regulation. Science 334:1081–1086. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209038
Wang R, Reddy PH (2017) Role of glutamate and NMDA receptors in Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 57:1041–1048. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-160763
Wang HY, Li W, Benedetti NJ, Lee DH (2003) Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate beta-amyloid peptide induced tau protein phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 278:31547–31553. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M212532200
Wang J, Zhao C, Zhao A, Li M, Ren J, Qu X (2015) New insights in amyloid beta interactions with human telomerase. J Am Chem Soc 137:1213–1219. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja511030s
Weber JT (2012) Altered calcium signaling following traumatic brain injury. Front Pharmacol 12;3:60. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2012.00060
World Alzheimer Report 2016. Improving healthcare for people living with dementia. Coverage, quality and costs now and in the future. Published by Alzheimer’s Disease International https://www.alz.co.uk/research/WorldAlzheimerReport2016.pdf. Accessed September 2016
Xing SL, Chen B, Shen DZ, Zhu CQ (2012) β-Amyloid peptide binds and regulates ectopic ATP synthase Α-chain on neural surface. Int J Neurosci 122:290–297. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207454.2011.649867
Yamamoto N, Matsubara T, Sato T, Yanagisawa K (2008) Age-dependent high-density clustering of gm1 ganglioside at presynaptic neuritic terminals promotes amyloid β-protein fibrillogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1778:2717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2008.07.028
Yan SD, Chen X, Fu J, Chen M, Zhu H, Roher A, Slattery T, Zhao L, Nagashima M, Morser J, Migheli A, Nawroth P, Stern D, Schmidt AM (1996) RAGE and amyloid-beta peptide neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s disease. Nature 382:685–691. https://doi.org/10.1038/382685a0
Yang AJ, Chandswangbhuvana D, Margol L, Glabe CG (1998) Loss of endosomal/lysosomal membrane impermeability is an early event in amyloid Abeta1-42 pathogenesis. J Neurosci Res 52:691–698. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980615)52:6<691::AID-JNR8>3.0.CO;2-3
Yechan J, Won-Seok C (2017) Mitochondrial complex I inhibition accelerates amyloid toxicity. Dev Reprod 21:417–424. https://doi.org/10.12717/DR.2017.21.4.417
Yip CM, Darabie AA, McLaurin J (2002) Abeta42-peptide assembly on lipid bilayers. J Mol Biol 318:97–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00028-1
Yu X, Zheng J (2012) Cholesterol promotes the interaction of Alzheimer β-amyloid monomer with lipid bilayer. J Mol Biol 421:561–571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2011.11.006
Yuyama K, Yamamoto N, Yanagisawa K (2008) Accelerated release of exosome-associated GM1 ganglioside (GM1) by endocytic pathway abnormality: another putative pathway for GM1-induced amyloid fibril formation. J Neurochem 105:217–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05128.x
Yuyama K, Sun H, Sakai S, Mitsutake S, Okada M, Tahara H, Furukawa J, Fujitani N, Shinohara Y, Igarashi Y (2014) Decreased amyloid-β pathologies by intracerebral loading of glycosphingolipid-enriched exosomes in Alzheimer model mice. J Biol Chem 289:24488–24498. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M114.577213
Zündorf G, Reiser G (2011) Calcium dysregulation and homeostasis of neural calcium in the molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases provide multiple targets for neuroprotection. Antioxid Redox Signal 14:1275–1288. https://doi.org/10.1089/ars.2010.3359
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Picone, P., Nuzzo, D., Giacomazza, D. et al. β-Amyloid Peptide: the Cell Compartment Multi-faceted Interaction in Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurotox Res 37, 250–263 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-019-00116-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-019-00116-9