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Mitochondria, Oxytocin, and Vasopressin: Unfolding the Inflammatory Protein Response

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Abstract

Neuroendocrine and immune signaling pathways are activated following insults such as stress, injury, and infection, in a systemic response aimed at restoring homeostasis. Mitochondrial metabolism and function have been implicated in the control of immune responses. Commonly studied along with mitochondrial function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely linked to cellular inflammatory responses. It is also accepted that cells experiencing mitochondrial or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induce response pathways in order to cope with protein-folding dysregulation, in homeostatic responses referred to as the unfolded protein responses (UPRs). Recent reports indicate that the UPRs may play an important role in immune responses. Notably, the homeostasis-regulating hormones oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) are also associated with the regulation of inflammatory responses and immune function. Intriguingly, OXT and AVP have been linked with ER unfolded protein responses (UPRER), and can impact ROS production and mitochondrial function. Here, we will review the evidence for interactions between these various factors and how these neuropeptides might influence mitochondrial processes.

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Funding

This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health [R01 DA034185, R01 MH101183, R01 ES025549 to SDB, R01 MH101183 to MAK, and F32 MH116604 to EAB], and the Massachusetts General Hospital Executive Committee on Research Interim Support Funding to MAK.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA

    Evan A. Bordt, Caroline J. Smith, Staci D. Bilbo & Marcy A. Kingsbury

  2. Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA

    Tyler G. Demarest

  3. Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA

    Tyler G. Demarest

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  1. Evan A. Bordt
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Correspondence to Evan A. Bordt.

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Bordt, E.A., Smith, C.J., Demarest, T.G. et al. Mitochondria, Oxytocin, and Vasopressin: Unfolding the Inflammatory Protein Response. Neurotox Res 36, 239–256 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12640-018-9962-7

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