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In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic study of Sesbania sesban var. bicolor, a traditionally used medicinal plant of Santhal tribe in Assam, India

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Abstract

The leaf decoction of Sesbania sesban var. bicolor is used traditionally by Santhal tribe of Assam, India, for the treatment of intestinal helminthic infections. This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of methanolic extract of S. sesban var. bicolor leaves using Hymenolepis diminuta-rat (cestode) and Syphacia obvelata-mice (nematode) as test parasites and models. Praziquantel (PZQ) and albendazole (ABZ) were used as reference drugs. At the highest concentration of 30 mg/ml of the plant extract, H. diminuta and S. obvelata showed mortality at 0.81 ± 0.01 h and 15.17 ± 0.05 h, respectively. The in vivo results substantiated the in vitro findings, and the extract showed a better cestocidal efficacy in a dose-dependent manner, whereby treatment of rats with 400 mg/kg of the plant extract caused 65.10% reduction in eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces and 56% reduction in worm counts. S. obvelata-infected mice treated at the same dose showed 34.32% and 47.08% reduction in EPG and worm counts at necropsy, respectively. The methanolic extract was subjected to bioassay-guided fractionation using different solvents and the ethyl acetate fraction proved to be the most active. This active fraction was subjected to column chromatography using varying concentrations of hexane:ethyl acetate. Maximum efficacy was observed in 7:3 hexane:ethyl acetate, where H. diminuta and S. obvelata showed mortality at 3.56 ± 0.12 h and 9.21 ± 0.02 h, respectively. This indicates that the isolated fraction contained the active component responsible for its anthelmintic activity, which substantiates the medicinal usage in traditional practice.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article [and its supplementary information files].

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University for providing necessary facilities. Due thanks is also acknowledged to Dr. Larisha Lyndem for allowing us to carry out in vivo experiments in the Parasitology Lab, Centre for Advanced Studies in Zoology, Visva Bharati University, Shantiniketan. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Saptarshi Roy and Bidisha Ukil, Parasitology Lab, Centre for Advanced Studies in Zoology, Visva Bharati University, Shantiniketan for their assistance while performing this study. Thanks is also due to the University Grants Commission, New Delhi for award of a fellowship.

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  1. Amar Deep Soren

    Present address: Department of Zoology, B. Borooah College, Guwahati, Assam, 781007, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya, 793022, India

    Amar Deep Soren, Risa Parkordor Chen & Arun K. Yadav

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Correspondence to Amar Deep Soren.

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All experiments on rats and mice were done after due approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (Animal Models) of North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong (Vide, Member Secretary, IEC, NEHU, dated December 4, 2014).

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Soren, A.D., Chen, R.P. & Yadav, A.K. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic study of Sesbania sesban var. bicolor, a traditionally used medicinal plant of Santhal tribe in Assam, India. J Parasit Dis 45, 1–9 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-020-01267-9

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