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Phase evolution and properties of glass ceramic foams prepared by bottom ash, fly ash and pickling sludge

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Abstract

Municipal solid waste incineration products of bottom ash (BA), fly ash (FA), and pickling sludge (PS), causing severe environmental pollution, were transformed into glass ceramic foams with the aid of CaCO3 as a pore-foaming agent during sintering. The effect of the BA/FA mass ratio on the phase composition, pore morphology, pore size distribution, physical properties, and glass structure was investigated, with results showing that with the increase in the BA/FA ratio, the content of the glass phase, Si-O-Si, and Q3Si units decrease gradually. The glass transmission temperature of the mixture was also reduced. When combined, the glass viscosity decreases, causing bubble coalescence and uneven pore distribution. Glass ceramic foams with uniform spherical pores are fabricated. When the content of BA, FA, and PS are 35wt%, 45wt%, and 20wt%, respectively, contributing to high performance glass ceramic foams with a bulk density of 1.76 g/cm3, porosity of 56.01%, and compressive strength exceeding 16.23 MPa. This versatile and low-cost approach provides new insight into synergistically recycling solid wastes.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National key R&D projects (Nos. 2019YFC1907101, 2019YFC1907103, 2017YFB0702304), the Key R&D project in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (No. 2020BCE01001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51672024), the Xijiang Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team (No. 2017A0109004), the Program of China Scholarships Council (No. 201806465040), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. FRF-IC-19-007, FRF-IC-19-017Z, FRF-MP-19-002, FRF-TP-19-003B1, FRF-GF-19-032B, and 06500141), the State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials (No. 2019Z-05), and the Integration of Green Key Process Systems MIIT. The authors would like to thank the editor for editing of the manuscript and the anonymous reviewers for their detailed and helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Junjie Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhang, Bo Liu, Shizhen Zhao & Shengen Zhang

  2. Shunde Graduate School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, 528399, China

    Junjie Zhang

  3. Nuclear Chemistry and Industrial Material Recycling, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 41296, Sweden

    Christian Ekberg

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  1. Junjie Zhang
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  2. Xiaoyan Zhang
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Correspondence to Xiaoyan Zhang, Bo Liu or Shengen Zhang.

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Zhang, J., Zhang, X., Liu, B. et al. Phase evolution and properties of glass ceramic foams prepared by bottom ash, fly ash and pickling sludge. Int J Miner Metall Mater 29, 563–573 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2219-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2219-5

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