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Dietary Supplementation of Potential Probiotics Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Synbiotic Improves Growth Performance and Immune Responses by Modulation in Intestinal System in Broiler Chicks Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium

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Abstract

This study evaluates the effects of probiotics and synbiotics on the performance, immune responses, and intestinal morphology, and the expression of immunity-related genes of broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella typhimurium. Three hundred and sixty broiler chicks were divided into six groups, including broiler chicks challenged and non-challenged with S. typhimurium and fed with probiotic, synbiotic, and basal diet without additive. Growth performance (food intake, daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality), immune responses (antibody titer against sheep red blood cells, immunoglobulins G and M), intestinal morphology, lactic acid bacteria population, and the expression of immunity-related genes (interferon-γ, interleukins 6 and 12, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were investigated. The administration of S. typhimurium decreased growth performance (P = 0.0001), immune responses (P = 0.0001), intestinal morphology (P = 0.0001), lactic acid bacteria population (P = 0.0001), and the expression of immunity-related genes (P = 0.0001) of broiler chickens. However, broiler chicks fed with probiotic (P = 0.001) and synbiotic (P = 0.0001) showed better growth performance, immune responses, intestinal morphology, lactic acid bacteria population, and the expression of immunity-related genes in comparison with infected broiler chicks fed with basal diet lack of probiotic and synbiotic. Feeding probiotics (P = 0.001) and synbiotics (P = 0.0001) showed positive effects for challenged and non-challenged broiler chicks. In sum, feeding synbiotic and probiotic alleviated the negative effects of S. typhimurium on growth and immunity of broiler chicks. It can be suggested to apply synbiotic and probiotics as benefit additive against infectious challenges, such as S. typhimurium.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch for preparation of the equipments.

Funding

This work was supported by Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch, and extracted from Ph.D dissertation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

    Kambiz Fazelnia, Jafar Fakhraei & Hossein Mansoori Yarahmadi

  2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran

    Kumarss Amini

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  1. Kambiz Fazelnia
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  2. Jafar Fakhraei
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  3. Hossein Mansoori Yarahmadi
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Three first authors had similar partners for design, conducting, data analysis, and writing the manuscript. Fourth author helped for microbial analyses and gene expression.

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Correspondence to Jafar Fakhraei.

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Fazelnia, K., Fakhraei, J., Yarahmadi, H.M. et al. Dietary Supplementation of Potential Probiotics Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Synbiotic Improves Growth Performance and Immune Responses by Modulation in Intestinal System in Broiler Chicks Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 13, 1081–1092 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-020-09737-5

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