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Isolation and Partial Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Gut Microbiota of Marine Fishes for Potential Application as Probiotics in Aquaculture

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Abstract

With the increase of antimicrobial resistances due to the widespread use of antibiotics, the search of new probiotics to control aquaculture diseases has a growing public interest. The aim of this study was to isolate bacteria with antimicrobial effect from the gut of marine healthy fishes and select lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as potential probiotics, being strains considered as generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA). Of a total of 45 Gram-positive strains with antimicrobial activity found in a screening of the gut microbiota of 13 marine fishes, nine were identified as LAB by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. LAB strains (five Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, two Enterococcus spp., one Lactobacillus plantarum, and one Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides) also showed a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against aquaculture pathogens such as Vibrio harveyi, V. splendidus, and Photobacterium damselae and survived in experimental gastrointestinal conditions when grown in culture media modified with different values of pH and bile salts. These results showed the potential of LAB obtained from the indigenous microbiota of wild marine fishes for use as probiotics in aquaculture.

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Acknowledgements

Authors will like to thank Dras Consuelo Esteve and Elena Alcaide (Microbiology Department of the University of Valencia) who kindly supplied all the pathogen strains. Special thanks also go to Constancio Herrera and all the participants of the “XVIII Maratón Apnea Gijón” who kindly donated the fish specimens.

Funding

This study was funded by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography, internal financing project BARMARACU.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C. O. Gijón, Avda. Príncipe de Asturias 70 Bis, 33212, Gijón, Spain

    Sergio Alonso, M. Carmen Castro, Margarita Berdasco & Alma Hernández de Rojas

  2. Spanish Institute of Oceanography, C. O. Santander, Promontorio S. Martín s/n., Ap. 240, 39080, Santander, Spain

    Inés García de la Banda

  3. Ecological Area of Water and Environmental Sciences and Techniques, University of Cantabria, 39005, Santander, Spain

    Xabier Moreno-Ventas

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  1. Sergio Alonso
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Correspondence to Sergio Alonso.

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Alonso, S., Carmen Castro, M., Berdasco, M. et al. Isolation and Partial Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Gut Microbiota of Marine Fishes for Potential Application as Probiotics in Aquaculture. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 11, 569–579 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-018-9439-2

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