References
Anbalagan, R., Sharma, S. and Raghuvanshi, T.K. (1992) Rock mass stability evaluation using modified SMR approach. In: Proceedings of the 6th National Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Bangalore, pp.258–268.
Bar, N. and Barton, N. (2016) Empirical slope design for hard and soft rocks using Q-slope. In: Proceedings of the 50th US rock mechanics/geomechanics symposium, ARMA 2016, Houston, 26–29 June 2016, ARMA 16–384.
Bar, N. and Barton, N. (2017) The Q-slope method for rock slope engineering. Internat. Jour. Rock Mech. Rock Engg., v.50(12), pp.3307–3322.
Barton, N. and Bar, N. (2015) Introducing the Q-slope method and its intended use within civil and mining engineering projects. In: Schubert W. and Kluckner A. (Eds.) (2015) Future Development of Rock Mechanics; Proceedings of the ISRM regional symposium, Eurock 2015 and 64th Geomechanics Colloquium, Salzburg, 7–10 October 2015, pp.157–162.
Bieniawski, Z.T. (1976) Rock mass classification in rock engineering. In Proceedings Symposium on Exploration for Rock Engineering, (ed. Z.T. Bieniawski), 1–5 November 1976, Johannesburg, South Africa, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp.97–107.
Bieniawski, Z.T. (1979) The geomechanics classification in rock engineering application. In: Proceedings 4th International Congress on Rock Mechanics, ISRM, Montreux, Balkema, Rotterdam, 2: pp.41–48.
Bieniawski, Z.T. (1989) Engineering rock mass classifications: a complete manual for engineers and geologists in mining, civil, and petroleum engineering, John Willey & Sons, 251p.
Budetta, P. (2004) Assessment of rockfall risk along roads. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., v.4, pp.71–81.
Goodman, R.E. (1976) Methods of geological engineering in discontinuous rocks, West Publishing Co., St Paul, MN, pp.472.
Chen, Z. (1995) Recent developments in slope stability analysis. In: Fujii, T. (Ed.) Proceedings 8th International Congress on Rock Mechanics, 3, 25–30 September 1995, Tokyo, Japan, Internat. Soc. Rock Mech., pp.1041–1048.
Daftaribesheli, A., Ataei, M. and Sereshki, F. (2011) Assessment of rock slope stability using the Fuzzy Slope Mass Rating (FSMR) system. Applied Soft Computing, v.11, pp.4465–4473.
Driscoll, R. and Simpson, B. (2001) EN1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design, ICE — Civil Engineering, Thomas Telford Ltd, v.144(6), pp.49–54.
EM 1110-1-2908 (1994) Cut Slope Stability, Chapter 8, US Army Corps of Engineers Official Publication, pp.8-1–8-9.
EM 1110-1-1804 (2001) Geologic mapping procedures open excavations, Appendix B, US Army Corps of Engineers Official Publication, pp.B–1–B–21.
Filipello, A., Giuliani, A. and Mandrone, G. (2010) Rock slopes failure susceptibility analysis: from remote sensing measurements to geographic information system raster modules. Amer. Jour. Environ. Sci., v.6(6), pp.489–494.
Goodman, R.E. and Bray, J.W. (1976) Toppling of rock slopes. ASCE, Proc. Specialty Conf. on Rock Engineering for Foundation and Slopes, Boulder, CO, 2, pp.201–234.
Hack, R. (1998) Slope stability probability classification-SSPC, International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (2nd ed., No. 43, p. 258). Delft, Netherlands: ITC Publication.
Harrison, J.P. and Hudson, J.A. (2000) Engineering rock mechanics: an introduction to the principles. Pergamon Press, Amsterdam, 444p.
Irigaray, C., Fernandez, T. and Chacon, J. (2003) Preliminary rock slope susceptibility assessment using GIS and the SMR classification. Natural Hazards, v.30, pp.309–324.
IS: 13365 (Part 3) (1997) Quantitative classification systems of rock massguidelines, determination of slope mass rating. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 6p.
Kahneman, D. (2011) Thinking, fast and slow, Penguin, London.
Lindsay, P., Campbell, R.N., Fergusson, D.A., Gillard, G.R. and Moore, T.A. (2001) Slope stability probability classification, Waikato Coal Measures, New Zealand, Internat. Jour. Coal Geol., v.45, pp.127–145.
Naithani, A.K. (2007) RMR — A system for characterizing rock mass classification: A case study from Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, v.70(4), pp.627–640.
Rahim, I.A., Tahir, S.H. and Musta, B. (2009) Modified slope mass rating (M-SMR) system: A classification scheme of interbedded Crocker Formation in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, Proceeding of the 8th Seminar on Science and Technology 2009 (S&T 2009), 18–19 December 2009, Shangri-La’s Rasa Ria Resort, Pantai Dalit, Tuaran.
Rahim, I.A., Tahir, S.H., Musta, B. and Omang, S.A.K. (2012) Adjustment factor for slope mass rating (SMR) system: Revisited. Proceedings of the National Geoscience Conference 2012 (NGC2012), 22–23 June 2012, Hotel Pullman, Kuching, Sarawak.
Riquelme, A., Tomas, R. and Abellan, A. (2014) SMRTool beta. A calculator for determining slope mass rating (SMR). Universidad de Alicante. Website: http://personal.ua.es/en/ariquelme/smrtool.html (07/05/2014). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA.
Robertson, A.M. (1988) Estimating weak rock strength, In Sastry K.V.S. (Ed.), Proceedings of the SME Annual Meeting, Tuscon, Arizona, Society of Mining Engineers, Phoenix, pp.1–5.
Romana, M. (1985) New adjustment ratings for application of Bieniawski classification to slope. In: Proceedings of the ISRM International Symposium on role of rock mechanics in excavations for mining and civil works, 2–4 September 1985, Zacatecas, Mexico, pp.49–53.
Romana, M. (1993) A geomechanical classification for slopes: slope mass rating. In Compressive Rock Engineering by J. Hudson (Ed.), Pergamon, v.3, pp.575–600.
Romana, M. (1995) The geomechanical classification SMR for slope correction. In: Proceedings of the 8th ISRM Congress on Rock Mechanics, 3, Tokyo, 25–29 September 1005, pp.1085–1092.
Romana, M., Tomas, R. and Seron, J.B. (2015) Slope mass rating (SMR) geomechanics classification: thirty years review, ISRM Congress 2015 Proceedings — International Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Quebec, Canada, 10–13 May 2015, pp.10.
Selby, M.J. (1980) A rock mass strength classification for geomorphic purposes: with tests from Antarctica and New Zealand, Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, N.F., Schweizerbart Science Publishers, v.24(1), pp.31–51.
Sen, Z. and Sadagah, B. (2003) Modified rock mass classification system by continuous rating. Engg. Geol., v.67(3), pp.269–280.
Shuk, T. (1994) Key elements and applications of the natural slope methodology (NSM) with some emphasis on slope stability aspects, In: Proceedings of the 4th South American Congress on Rock Mechanics 2, ISRM, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp.955–960.
Singh, B., Goel, R.K. (2011) Engineering Rock Mass Classification, Elsevier Publication, 365p.
Sullivan, T.D. (2013) Global slope performance index. In Digit PM (ed) Proceedings of slope stability 2013, Brisbane, Australia, 25–27 September 2013, pp.55–80.
Terzaghi, K. and Peck, R.B. (1967) Soil mechanics in engineering practice, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 729p.
Tomas, R., Delgado, J. and Seron, J.B. (2007) Modification of slope mass rating (SMR) by continuous functions. Internat. Jour. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., v.44, pp.1062–1069.
Tomas, R., Cuenca, A., Cano, M. and J. Garcia-Barba (2012) A graphical approach for slope mass rating (SMR). Engg. Geol., v.124, pp.67–76.
Wyllie, D.C. and Mah, C.W. (2004) Rock Slope Engineering: Civil and Mining, 4th Edition, Spoon Press, 431p.
Yilmaz, I., Marschalko, M., Yildirim, M., Dereli, E. and Bednarik, M. (2012) GIS-based kinematic slope instability and slope mass rating (SMR) maps: application to a railway route in Sivas (Turkey). Bull. Engg. Geol. Environ., v.71, pp.351–357.
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank Dr. H.K. Gupta for kind invitation to contribute this article. I am thankful to Dr. H.S. Venkatesh, Director NIRM for the permission to send the scientific article for publication and encouragement.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Naithani, A.K. Importance of Engineering Rock Mass Classifications for Rock Cut Slope Stability Analysis. J Geol Soc India 98, 562–566 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-022-2014-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-022-2014-1